Immigrants in Switzerland are far more likely to have their application for citizenship rejected if the decision is made using a referendum. | EUROPP

When immigrants in Switzerland apply for citizenship, the decision is made in the municipality where they reside. While in some parts of Switzerland these decisions are made by elected representatives, in other municipalities individual applications are subject to a public referendum. Dominik Hangartner and Jens Hainmueller assess the impact of direct democracy on citizenship applications, finding that far fewer applications are accepted when a referendum is used. The applicant’s country of origin is the most important factor in determining success, with applicants from Turkey and the former Yugoslavia over ten times more likely to be rejected than those from other countries, such as Italy.

Read more at Immigrants in Switzerland are far more likely to have their application for citizenship rejected if the decision is made using a referendum. | EUROPP.

The eurozone’s struggling economies are increasingly selling citizenship to raise much needed capital. | EUROPP

How far should countries go to encourage foreign investment? Jelena Dzankic writes that in a time of economic crisis, some countries in Europe are now seeking investment in exchange for citizenship. Assessing recent developments in Bulgaria, Hungary, Portugal and Ireland, she argues that despite the obvious financial benefits to such policies, they are not without risks. They may raise the potential for tax evasion and security issues, and could also reduce the relationship between the individual and the state to that of a business contract.

Read more at  The eurozone’s struggling economies are increasingly selling citizenship to raise much needed capital. | EUROPP.

Europe: Italy tests support while UK and Germany surge

Italy’s MIB index retreated from resistance at 18000 to re-test the key support level of 17000. Respect would confirm the primary up-trend with an initial target of 19000*. Rising 13-week Twiggs Money Flow indicates long-term buying pressure.

DAX Index

* Target calculation: 17000 + ( 17000 – 15000 ) = 19000

Germany’s DAX primary advance is approaching the 2007 high at 8000/8200.  Resistance is evident, with shorter candles over the last two months and 13-week Twiggs Money Flow declining from its 2012 peak. Expect a correction, but long-term buying pressure (signaled by rising 13-week Twiggs Money Flow) should see continuation of the primary up-trend.

DAX Index

* Target calculation: 7500 + ( 7500 – 7000 ) = 8000

The FTSE 100 broke through resistance at 6000 and is advancing toward its 2007 high of 6750*. Rising 13-week Twiggs Money Flow indicates long-term buying pressure, while the recent spike should see strong gains in February.

FTSE 100 Index

* Target calculation: 6000 + ( 6000 – 5250 ) = 6750

The Global Leadership Vacuum: Europe Incapable, America Unwilling | SPIEGEL ONLINE

Gregor Peter Schmitz writes:

In 1998, then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright called America the “indispensable nation.” But now, 15 years later, it is primarily an exhausted one, a global power in decline that has its gaze turned toward the domestic front rather than Afghanistan or the Middle East.

Read more at The Global Leadership Vacuum: Europe Incapable, America Unwilling – SPIEGEL ONLINE.

A Putrid Smell Is Suddenly Emanating From European Banks | Business Insider

Wolf Richter writes:

A nauseating whiff came from Barclays Friday, when it leaked out that it has been under investigation by the Financial Services Authority and the Serious Fraud Office in Britain for illegal fundraising in 2008. Allegedly, the bank secretly loaned £5.3 billion (US $8.4 billion) to one of Qatar’s sovereign wealth funds, which then turned around and with great public fanfare pumped that money back into Barclays — a scheme to raise capital on paper to escape a government takeover during the financial crisis…..

Read more at A Putrid Smell Is Suddenly Emanating From European Banks – Business Insider.

Financial hangover is Britain's biggest growth headache

David smith writes:

Sir Mervyn King, in Tuesday’s final regional speech as Bank governor, in Belfast, barely mentioned fiscal policy as a factor in the slow recovery. Instead, as well as the high-inflation squeeze on real take-home pay and the eurozone, he focused on another financial factor.

The problem, he said, was “the extent to which the balance sheets of the major UK banks had grown before the crisis hit, and had been financed primarily by borrowing.

“So the subsequent reduction in bank lending – the deleveraging – was greater here than in many other countries. That deleveraging has as its counterpart a reduction in the amount of (broad) money in the economy and a reduced willingness on the part of banks to expand lending.”

Read more at David Smith's EconomicsUK.com: Financial hangover is Britain's biggest growth headache.

German Press Review of Cameron Call for British EU Referendum | SPIEGEL ONLINE

The center-right Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung writes:

“Cameron’s strategy may be dangerous, but his analysis isn’t wrong. Euro-zone integration is getting ever deeper and that has consequences for EU countries that are not part of the common currency. In general, the competitive capacity across the EU leaves a lot to be desired. And the people are growing more and more distant from ‘Europe’ and its institutions. None of this can be disputed. A few things need to be settled. Is it imperative that we continue transferring more power to ‘Brussels’? In what areas is it essential, indispensable in fact, that we act together? What role should national parliaments play in European policies? What’s clear is what the British do and do not want: They want an internal market and cooperation between member states, but they do not want an ‘ever-closer union’.”

Read more at German Press Review of Cameron Call for British EU Referendum – SPIEGEL ONLINE.

Sterling: double top warns of fall

Gavyn Davies writes on BOE governor Mervyn King’s UK economic policy speech on Tuesday in FT Blogs:

The governor gives an extremely broad hint that he would like sterling to be much lower against other currencies. In his view, the drop of 25 per cent in sterling, which happened between late 2007 and the beginning of 2009, was “certainly necessary” for a full rebalancing of the UK economy.

If we take a look at the long-term view, sterling is ranging in a narrow band against the greenback after a sharp fall in 2008. 63-day Twiggs Momentum oscillating close to the zero line (within 5%) is typical of a ranging market.
Pound Sterling/USD
Completion of a double top on the weekly chart signals a down-swing to primary support at $1.53*. 63-day Twiggs Momentum below zero strengthens the signal.
Pound Sterling/USD

* Target calculation: 1.58 – ( 1.63 – 1.58 ) = 1.53

Euro up-trend

The Euro is headed for a test of resistance at $1.35 on the monthly chart. Breakout would confirm the primary up-trend. Rising 63-day Twiggs Momentum (above zero) strengthens the signal. Reversal below $1.30 and the rising trendline, however, would indicate another test of primary support at $1.20.

Euro/USD

Euro advances

The Euro is advancing against the weakening dollar. Target for the advance is the long-term declining trendline on the monthly chart — around $1.40. A primary up-trend is signaled by 63-day Twiggs Momentum recovery above zero.

Euro/USD