A government shutdown + declining consumer confidence

Key Points

  • The US government shut down most operations on Wednesday as Congress failed to reach a deal to raise the debt ceiling.
  • Government shutdowns do not usually have a lasting effect on financial markets, but the fiercely divided House threatens a bitter standoff.
  • Declining consumer confidence and further signs of a weakening labor market will likely contribute to a slowing economy.

The Conference Board’s measure of consumer confidence declined to 94.2, remaining at 2020 pandemic levels since a steep plunge in April 2025.

Conference Board: Consumer Confidence

Labor Market

Signs of a weakening jobs market are growing, with unemployment rising above job openings in August, for the first time since April 2021.

Job Openings

Temporary employment declined to 2.5 million. Low temporary hires indicate declining employer confidence in the economic outlook.

Temporary Employment

Declining average weekly hours worked warn of increased layoffs in the months ahead.

Average Weekly Hours

A low quit rate of 1.9% reflects declining employee confidence in the job market.

Quit Rate

Stocks

The S&P 500 continues to test resistance at 6700 despite concerns over the government shutdown. A breakout would offer a medium-term target of 6900.

S&P 500

Financial Markets

High-yield spreads remain at a low 7.5%, indicating credit is readily available in financial markets.

Junk Bond Spreads

Bitcoin is more tentative, having twice tested support at 110K. A breach of the support level would warn of a sharp contraction in financial market liquidity.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Treasury Markets

10-year Treasury yields will likely retest resistance at 4.2% in the next few days, driven by uncertainty from the government shutdown. A breakout above 4.2% would offer a medium-term target of 4.4%.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Dollar & Gold

The US Dollar Index retreated below support at 98, but the outlook for lower interest rates remains uncertain.

Dollar Index

Gold climbed to $3,868 per ounce, demand fueled by the increased uncertainty. A breakout above $3,900 would signal a test of our year-end target of $4,000.

Spot Gold

Silver ripped through our target of $45 per ounce, with rising Trend Index troughs signaling strong buying pressure. A breakout above resistance at $47 would offer a target of $50.

Spot Silver

Platinum has re-joined the party, with a breakout above $1,500 offering a target of $1,700.

Platinum

Conclusion

Uncertainty over the US government shutdown has boosted demand for precious metals. Resolving partisan differences over government funding and extending healthcare benefits will likely prove difficult.

Consumer confidence is low, and a weakening labor market warns of a slowing economy. An extended shutdown would further undermine spending, pushing the economy closer to a recession.

Strong financial market liquidity supports high stock prices, but a Bitcoin retreat below 110K would warn of a contraction that would hurt equity markets.

Acknowledgments

Bond yields and the dollar fall as gold reaches a new high

Key Points

  • Long-term Treasury yields are falling steeply in anticipation of more Fed rate cuts as the economy slows.
  • The S&P 500 is retracing to test short-term support at 6500.
  • Financial market liquidity remains strong, supporting stocks.
  • The dollar is weakening, and gold and silver soared to new highs.

10-year Treasury yields fell to 4.046% testing the long-term band of support between 4.0% and 4.1%.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Expectations of steeper Fed rate cuts grow as more evidence emerges of a slowing economy. The Cass Freight Index is in a strong downtrend, and a fall below 1.0 would signal a recession. A useful barometer of economic activity, the index measures the number and cost of freight shipments across North America based on data from hundreds of large shippers.

Cass Freight Index

The current turmoil over tariffs — after the US Appeals court overruled Donald Trump’s “reciprocal” tariffs and his earlier “fentanyl” tariffs against China, Canada, and Mexico — will likely cause a sharp contraction in capital investment due to the uncertainty, almost guaranteeing a recession. Trump has lodged an appeal with the Supreme Court, but a decision is unlikely before next year. Unless he can get a stay on the lower court’s ruling, Treasury will be forced to fund the billions of dollars in tariffs collected.

While some believe that overturning the tariffs would cause a blowout in the fiscal deficit, we believe that the promise of a boost in revenue from tariffs was more spin than substance. There are no free lunches in economics; when something looks too good to be true, it usually is. Most of the cost of tariffs is currently borne by US corporations, but will likely be pushed onto consumers through price increases over the next year.

Goldman Sachs: Estimated Incidence of Tariff Costs

Where corporations do not pass on tariffs to customers, their profits and corporate tax paid to the Treasury will decline. Falling profits also hurt stock prices, reducing capital gains taxes. US consumers and corporations will directly or indirectly pay for the tariffs, and the impact on net Treasury receipts will likely be marginal.

Our biggest concern is not the loss of tax revenues, but the economic impact of policy uncertainty.

Stocks

The S&P 500 is retracing to test its latest support level at 6500, but rising Trend Index troughs indicate buying pressure, and respect of support will likely signal a further advance.

S&P 500

The equal-weighted S&P 500 ($IQX), more representative of large caps than the headline index, tests similar support at 7600. Rising Trend Index troughs again indicate buying support and likely continuation of the uptrend.

S&P 500 Equal-Weighted Index

Financial Markets

High-yield bond spreads are declining, indicating the return of loose financial conditions supporting high stock prices.

Junk Bond Spreads

Bitcoin (BTC) respected support at 110K, further indicating easing financial conditions — a bullish sign for stocks.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Dollar & Gold

The dollar is weakening in line with the outlook for interest rates. A US Dollar index breach of the long-term band of support between 96.5 and 97 would strengthen our long-term target of 90.

Dollar Index

Gold closed at a new high of $3,645 per ounce, while rising Trend Index troughs signal buying pressure. Expect a retracement to test support between $3,500 and $3,600, but respect will likely confirm an advance to $4,000 by the end of the year, as the dollar weakens.

Spot Gold

Silver is testing resistance at $41.50 per ounce. Again, we expect a retracement followed by a further advance, with a target of $44.

Spot Silver

Energy

Brent crude held steady at close to $66 per barrel after the OPEC+ meeting on the weekend decided on a smaller-than-expected initial increase in production of 137,000 barrels per day, in a phased unwinding of the 1.66 million barrels per day post-COVID production cut.

Brent Crude

Conclusion

Cyclical pressures are driving long-term yields lower, with a slowing economy likely to cause steeper-than-expected Fed rate cuts. Added uncertainty over tariffs increases the risk of a recession.

Loose financial conditions, boosted by falling Treasury yields, support stock prices, but a slowing economy would be bearish for earnings.

The dollar is weakening in response to the expected fall in interest rates, and a US Dollar Index breach of support between 96.5 and 97 would strengthen our long-term target of 90.

We expect gold and silver to rise as the dollar weakens, with respective targets of $4,000 and $44 per ounce by the end of the year.

 

Acknowledgments

Weak jobs and falling crude = September rate cut

Key Points

  • The Fed will likely cut interest rates in September after a weak jobs report.
  • Falling crude oil prices also ease inflationary pressure.
  • Long-term Treasury yields fall, anticipating a rate cut.
  • The dollar weakened as yields softened, while gold soared to a new high of $3,600 per ounce.

The August labor report disappointed with a low 22,000 job growth compared to an expected 75,000. Another June data revision saw jobs contract by 13,000, after initial reported gains of 147,000 were revised down to 14,000 last month.

Employment Growth

Growth in total weekly hours worked came to a complete halt in August, with annual growth falling to 0.7%. Real GDP growth will likely follow.

Total Hours Worked

The uptrend in continued claims confirms the August rise in the unemployment rate to 4.3%.

Unemployment

The unemployment level ( 7.4m ) now exceeds job openings ( 7.2m ), but only by 200K.

Job Openings

Temporary jobs fell to 2.5 million, a level typically seen during recessions.

Temporary Employment

Layoffs and discharges are in an uptrend.

Layoffs & Discharges Rate

The 2.0% quit rate indicates that employees are no longer confident in finding new jobs.

Quit Rate

Average hourly earnings growth slowed to an annualized rate of 3.3% in August, but year/year growth was steady at 3.9%, still indicating a balanced labor market.

Average Hourly Earnings

Crude Oil

OPEC+ has injected a lot of downside pricing risk into the oil markets this week, fueling speculation that the second wave of voluntary cuts totaling 1.65 million b/d could be unwound much quicker than previously expected. According to news reports, Saudi Arabia is interested in pushing ahead with the unwinding during the September 7 meeting, citing the need to regain market share. (OilPrice.com)

The move has the potential to create a massive oversupply. Brent crude fell to $65.50 per barrel on Friday, but if the Saudis succeed, expect a test of support at $60. Falling crude prices would squeeze shale producer margins, causing a drop in US production.

Brent Crude

Lower energy prices would ease inflationary pressures in the US, allowing more room for Fed rate cuts.

ISM Services

The ISM services PMI improved to 52% in August, indicating expansion.

ISM Services PMI

New orders jumped to 56%, signaling an improving outlook.

ISM Services New Orders

However, services employment signals contraction, confirming the weak labor report.

ISM Services Employment

A steep 69.2% for the prices sub-index also warns of strong inflationary pressures.

ISM Services Prices

Contracting employment and rising prices in the large services sector warn of stagflation. We expect the Fed to cut in September, but then pause to see how this affects prices.

Stocks

A weak labor report is a bearish sign for stocks despite the prospect of a Fed rate cut. A reversal of the S&P 500 below support at 6400 would warn of a correction.

S&P 500

We expect the Dow Jones Industrial Average to test support at 45,000. Respect of support would confirm another advance. A breach is less likely, but would signal a test of 44,000.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Financial Markets

The Chicago Fed Index retreated to -0.526, warning that financial conditions are tightening.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

Tighter financial conditions are also highlighted by a decline in bank reserves to below $3.2 trillion.

Commercial Bank Reserves at the Fed

Bitcoin is testing support at 110K. A breach would warn of a swing to risk-off in financial markets, which would be bearish for stocks.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Treasury Markets

10-year Treasury yields plunged to 4.09%, heading for a test of long-term support at 4.0% as speculators pile into bonds ahead of the expected September rate cut. However, we have warned of the risk that long-term yields rise in response to a Fed cut — as in September last year.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Dollar & Gold

The dollar weakened in response to the poor jobs report, anticipating falling interest rates.

Dollar Index

Gold surged to a new high at $3,600 per ounce before closing at $3,587. Expect another test of support at $3,500, but respect will likely confirm another advance — and our year-end target of $4,000.

Spot Gold

Silver is retracing to test support at $40, but respect will likely confirm another advance and a target of $44.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

Weak jobs growth in August warns that economic growth is slowing, but the ISM services report warns of strong price pressures in the services sector. We expect a Fed rate cut in September but then a pause as the Fed remains wary of stagflation, with low growth and rising prices.

We expect the dollar to weaken in response to rate cuts, with gold and silver soaring to new highs.

The Fed should take care to avoid a repeat of last September, when Fed rate cuts sparked a sell-off in long-term Treasuries, signaling the bond market’s displeasure with monetary and fiscal policy. We believe they will aim for a gradual decline, with a pause after the September cut to assess the impact of tariffs and a slowing economy on prices.

A Saudi move to increase crude oil production would likely drive Brent crude to $60 per barrel or below, giving the Fed more room to cut rates.

Acknowledgments

Gold breaks to a new high

Key Points

  • Gold broke through resistance at $3,500 per ounce, reaching a new high of $3,546.
  • Silver is testing resistance at $41 per ounce.
  • Sovereign debt is losing favor, with the UK 30-year gilt yield above 5.7% for the first time in 27 years.

After its recent breakout, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has retraced to test support at 45K. Respect is likely, but a breach would raise questions about the validity of the Dow’s recent bull market signal.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

September is also the worst month of the year for stock performance, most likely due to investment managers cleaning up their portfolios before the financial year-end.

Stock Market Performance by Calendar Month

While September has the worst average return, we are also wary of October, which has delivered some of the most severe crashes in memory, including October 1929 and 1987.

Financial Markets

Bitcoin is testing support at 110K, warning that investors’ risk appetite is shrinking. A follow-through below the recent low would be a strong bear signal for stocks.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Treasury Markets

10-year Treasury yields are consolidating in a narrow band above support at 4.2%, anticipating a Fed rate cut in September, causing a decline in long-term yields.

10-Year Treasury Yield

However, long-term yields are in a secular uptrend, with the US 30-year testing resistance at 5.0%.

30-Year US Treasury Yield

Global investors are increasingly shunning long-term sovereign debt. The UK 30-year Gilt rose above 5.70% for the first time since April 1998.

30-Year UK Gilt Yield

Japan’s 30-year JGB yields are climbing steeply due to the Bank of Japan tightening monetary policy.

30-Year JGB Yield

The 30-year German Bund is on a similar path.

30-Year German Bund Yield

A secular bear market in bonds will also likely be bearish for stocks.

Dollar & Gold

The US Dollar Index continues in a bearish narrow consolidation above support at 97. Trend Index peaks below zero warn of long-term selling pressure, and a breach of support at 97 would strengthen our long-term target of 90.

Dollar Index

Gold broke through resistance at $3,500 per ounce, reaching a new high of $3,546. A higher Trend Index trough signals buying pressure. Expect retracement to test the band of support between $3,400 and $3,500, but respect will likely confirm another advance, further strengthening our target of $4,000 by the end of the year.

Spot Gold

Silver made a similar breakout above $40 per ounce. Again, we expect retracement to test the new band of support between $39 and $40, but respect will likely confirm another advance. Our year-end target is $44.

Spot Silver

ISM Manufacturing

The manufacturing sector continues to signal a contraction, but the rate of decline slowed, with the ISM Manufacturing PMI rising to 48.7%.

ISM Manufacturing PMI

The outlook improved, with forward orders rising to 51.4%.

ISM Manufacturing New Orders

However, employment prospects remain low, with the employment sub-index at 43.8%.

ISM Manufacturing Employment

Input prices are still rising, but the prices sub-index surprisingly improved to 63.7%. A similar improvement in Services next week would indicate that inflationary pressures are easing, increasing the likelihood of a Fed rate cut.

ISM Manufacturing Prices

Conclusion

Long-term government bonds are in a secular bear market, which will likely be bearish for stocks.

Gold reached a new high above resistance at $3,500 per ounce, reflecting investor caution towards sovereign debt. A retracement that respects the latest support level would confirm our year-end target of $4,000.

Acknowledgments

S&P 500 weakens and gold rallies

Key Points

  • The S&P 500 closed above 6300 for the first time, supported by strong liquidity
  • But declining Trend Index peaks warn of a retracement
  • Consumer Confidence remains weak, and the Conference Board Leading Economic Index signals a recession
  • Gold and silver rallied as the dollar weakened

The S&P 500 closed above 6300 for the first time, but declining Trend Index peaks warn of selling pressure. Expect retracement to test support at 6100.

S&P 500

The Dow Jones Industrial Average also signals weakness, with declining Trend Index peaks indicating selling pressure.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

The Broad DJ US Index (red) has underperformed the DJ World ex-US index (blue) over the past six months.

DJ US Index ($DJUS) & DJ World ex-US ($W2DOW)

Financial Markets

Financial markets grow increasingly supportive, with the Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI) declining to -0.54. Values above zero are considered restrictive.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

Bitcoin has retraced slightly from resistance at $120K, but still signals bullish market conditions.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Treasury Markets

10-Year Treasury yields declined to 4.35%, but rising Trend Index troughs signal continued buying pressure.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Economy

Consumer confidence remains low, with the Conference Board index declining by 5 points to 93, similar to levels during the 2020 pandemic.

June’s retreat in confidence was shared by all age groups and almost all income groups. It was also shared across all political affiliations, with the largest decline among Republicans.

Conference Board: Consumer Confidence

The Conference Board’s Leading Economic Index (LEI) declined to 99.8% in June. Six-month growth in the LEI (blue) fell to an annualized -5.6%, below the -4.1% that signals a recession (marked in red).

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Recession Signals

The black line on the above chart indicates negative growth in more than 50% of the LEI components below over the past six months. A broad decline confirms the recession signal.

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Components

Dollar & Gold

The Dollar Index retreated below support at 98, signaling another decline. A breach of support of 96.50 would strengthen our long-term target of 90.

Dollar Index

Gold rallied to test resistance at $3,400 per ounce. A breakout above $3,400 would offer an immediate target of $3,500 and strengthen our year-end target of $4,000.

Spot Gold

Silver is testing resistance at $39 per ounce. A breakout would offer a target of $42, but declining Trend Index peaks warn of stubborn resistance.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

The S&P 500 closed at a new high, but declining Trend Index peaks warn of selling pressure.

The Dow Industrial Average respected resistance at 45,000, failing to confirm the S&P 500 bull market signal.

Financial market conditions indicate strong liquidity, but consumer confidence is weak, and the Conference Board Leading Economic Index signals a recession.

The US Dollar Index retreated below support at 98, triggering a rally in gold and silver. A gold breakout above $3,400 would offer an immediate target of $3,500 and strengthen our year-end target of $4,000. A silver breakout above $39 would offer a target of $42, but declining Trend Index peaks warn of stubborn resistance.

Acknowledgments

Bitcoin blast-off bullish for S&P 500

Summary

  • Bitcoin reaches a new high
  • The bullishness is expected to spill over into stocks

Bitcoin blasted through resistance at 110K, reaching a new high at 117.6K, signaling a surge of animal spirits in financial markets.

Bitcoin (BTC)

The result is bound to be bullish for US stocks. The S&P 500 recovered above 6250, while higher Trend Index troughs signal buying pressure.

S&P 500

A breakout of the Dow Jones Industrial Average above 45K would confirm the S&P 500 bull market signal.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Financial Markets

The Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index decreased to -0.51 on July 4, signaling easy monetary conditions.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

Dollar & Gold

The US Dollar Index is retracing to test resistance at 98. Respect will likely confirm the downtrend. Our target is 90.
Dollar Index

Gold continues its bullish consolidation between 3200 and 3430. An upward breakout would strengthen our target of 4000 by year-end.

Spot Gold

Silver broke out from its recent pennant consolidation at 36, offering a short-term target of 39. Rising Trend Index troughs indicate buying pressure.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

Bitcoin warns of a sharp rise in bullish sentiment.

A Dow breakout above 45K would confirm a bull market.

This reminds us of the final leg of the bull market during the Dotcom bubble, from 1999 to 2000. It was great for traders but terrible for investors.

Acknowledgments

S&P 500 breakout but no buy signal

Summary

  • The S&P 500 and Nasdaq reached new highs, but the Dow has not yet confirmed the breakout
  • Liquidity is strong, and long-term Treasury yields are softening
  • But the Conference Board Leading Economic Index warns of a recession
  • The dollar keeps falling, and demand for gold remains strong, flagging high levels of uncertainty

The S&P 500 broke resistance at 6100 to reach a new high. Expect retracement to test the new support level, but respect will likely signal a fresh advance.

S&P 500

The Nasdaq 100 ETF (QQQ) has also reached a new high.

Invesco Nasdaq 100 ETF (QQQ)

However, the Dow Jones Industrial Average lags and has not yet confirmed the new breakout.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

The broad Dow Jones US Index (DJUS) still lags the DJ World-x-US Index (W2DOW).

DJ US Index ($DJUS) & DJ World ex-US ($W2DOW)

Financial Markets

The Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index declined to -0.51 on June 20, signaling improving financial conditions.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

10-year Treasury yields declined to 4.25%, providing further support for stocks.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Economy

The Conference Board’s leading economic index (LEI) declined to 99.0% in May. Six-month growth in the LEI (blue) fell to an annualized -5.4%, below the -4.1% that triggers a recession signal (marked in red).

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Recession Signals

The black line on the above chart indicates negative growth in more than 50% of the LEI components over the past six months, which confirms the recession signal.

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Components

Manufacturers’ new orders, excluding defense and aircraft, are one of the few LEI components that did not decline over the past 6 months. However, they show a steep long-term downtrend when adjusted for inflation (PPI for capital goods).

Manufacturing New Orders: Non-Defense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft/PPI for Capital Equipment

New orders for consumer goods, adjusted by CPI, are also declining.

Manufacturing New Orders: Consumer Goods/CPI

Dollar & Gold

The dollar continues to weaken, with the US Dollar Index breaking support at 98 to confirm our target of 90.

Dollar Index

Gold is consolidating between $3,200 and $3,400 per ounce. Declining Trend Index peaks warn of secondary selling pressure, and another test of support at $3,200 is likely. Respect of support would signal another test of resistance at $3,500.

Spot Gold

Silver is consolidating in a narrow pennant at $36 per ounce. A retracement to test the new support level at $34 remains likely, but follow-through above $37 would signal another advance.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

A breakout of the Dow Jones Industrial Average above 45K would signal another advance for stocks, but the Conference Board Leading Economic Index warns of a recession. Manufacturers’ new orders for non-defense capital goods and consumer goods both display long-term weakness.

10-year Treasury yields softened to 4.25%, and financial conditions are easing, supporting stock prices. However, a declining dollar and strong gold price continue to warn of uncertainty. We don’t see this as a buy opportunity for investors; extreme stock valuation levels continue to warn of elevated risk of a significant drawdown.

Acknowledgments

Gold rallies as the dollar weakens

Summary

  • The S&P 500 is consolidating below 6000, and financial market liquidity is improving
  • However, US stocks are underperforming their global counterparts
  • Gold rallies as LT Treasury yields rise and the dollar weakens

The S&P 500 is consolidating between 5800, its former primary support level, and 6000 on the weekly chart below. Breakout to a new high would signal a return to bull market conditions, but we expect strong resistance between 6000 and 6100.

S&P 500

The Dow Jones Industrial Average has similarly recovered above former primary support at 42K, but does not yet signal a reversal to a primary uptrend.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

US stocks continue to underperform their global counterparts, with the broad DJ US Index (DJUS) lagging the Dow Global ex-US ($W2DOW).

DJ US Index ($DJUS) & DJ World ex-US ($W2DOW)

Financial Markets

Bitcoin reached a new high at 107K, signaling strong risk appetite in financial markets.

Bitcoin (BTC)

A sharp fall in high-yield (junk) corporate bond yields signals improving credit availability in financial markets.

Junk Bond Spreads

Treasury Markets

10-Year Treasury yields are retracing to test new support at 4.5%. Respect will likely confirm our target of 5.0%.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Economy

The Conference Board’s leading economic index plunged sharply to 99.4% in April, the 1.0% drop following a 0.8% fall in March. The LEI is blue on the chart below.

Conference Board Leading Economic Index

Widespread weakness across the LEI’s ten components warns of a broad slowing of the economy.

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Components

The LEI below 100 warns of a recession ahead (black line below), but six-month growth in the LEI (blue below) has not quite reached -4.1%, which would trigger a recession signal (red).

Conference Board Leading Economic Index - Recession Signals

Dollar & Gold

The Dollar Index is retracing to test the band of support between 98 and 100. Breach of support would signal long-term dollar weakness, offering a target of 90.

Dollar Index

Gold found support at 3200 and, after breaking above 3250, is headed for a test of resistance between 3400 and 3500. Our long-term target is 4000 by the end of 2025.

Spot Gold

Silver is testing resistance at 34. Breakout would offer a target of 39.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

The S&P 500 is rallying as financial market liquidity improves, but we expect strong resistance between 6000 and 6100. US stocks continue to underperform their global counterparts, while the Conference Board’s leading economic index warns that the US economy is headed for recession.

10-year Treasury yields are rising, and respect of support at 4.5% would offer a target of 5.0%, another bear signal for stocks. The dollar is weakening, reflecting international capital outflows from US financial markets. A breakout of the Dollar Index below long-term support at 100 would warn of another decline, with a target of 90.

Gold is rising as the dollar weakens, and we expect another test of resistance between 3400 and 3500. Breakout would signal a fresh advance towards our long-term target of 4000 by the end of 2025.

Acknowledgments