Fed takes a pause

Fed Chair Jerome Powell announced that the FOMC has left the fed funds target range unchanged at 4.25% to 4.5%.

Powell described the labor market as “pretty stable and broadly in balance,” with a low hiring rate and an equally low quit rate.

Quit Rate

The key question for investors in the post-announcement news conference. Axios: “Was there any discussion on the timeline for ending the QT program?”
Powell responded that their indicators suggest that reserves are still abundant, and the Fed would continue with QT until that changes.

Commercial bank reserves at the Fed reached $3.33 trillion on January 22.

Commercial Bank Reserves at the Fed

However, the decline in bank reserves is expected to accelerate as the rundown in overnight reverse repo (RRP) liabilities nears an end. The reduction in RRP caused money market funds to invest more than $2 trillion in T-Bills over the past two years, effectively offsetting the withdrawal of liquidity via QT.

Fed Reverse Repo (RRP) Liabilities

Financial market conditions currently signal abundant liquidity, with the Chicago Fed Index falling to -0.65. However, that could reverse as the Fed persists with its rundown of securities on its balance sheet.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

We will continue with weekly charts for the present as they help to keep daily volatility in perspective.

The 10-year Treasury yield (TNX) below has found support at 4.5%, and respect would signal an advance to 5.0%.

10-Year Treasury Yield

The S&P 500 is testing resistance at 6100. Selling pressure is secondary, and breakout will likely offer a target of 6400.

S&P 500

Dollar & Gold

The Dollar Index (DXY) found short-term support at 107. Recovery above 108 would indicate another test of 110. Broad imposition of tariffs would likely signal the continuation of the long-term uptrend.

Dollar Index

Gold is testing resistance at $2,800 per ounce after a bullish shallow correction. Breakout would offer a target of $3,000.

Spot Gold

Silver remains bearish, testing support at $30, with the trend direction uncertain until a breakout above $32.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

The Fed is likely to keep rate cuts to a minimum for as long as the labor market remains “in balance.”

Liquidity is likely to have a greater impact on financial markets, with an expected contraction in 2025, which is bearish for stocks and bonds.

Stocks: Winter is coming

GDP grew by a solid 10.64% for the 12 months ended March ’22 but that is in nominal terms.

GDP

GDP for the quarter slowed to 1.58%, while real GDP fell to -0.36%. Not only is growth slowing but inflation is taking a bigger bite.

GDP & Real GDP

The implicit price deflator climbed to 1.94% for the quarter — almost 8.0% when annualized.

GDP Implicit Price Deflator

Growth is expected to decline further as long-term interest rates rise.

10-Year Treasury Yield & Moody's Baa Corporate Bond Yield

Conventional monetary policy would be for the Fed to hike the funds rate (gray below) above CPI (red). But, with CPI at 8.56% for the 12 months to March and FFR at 0.20%, the Fed may be tempted to try unconventional methods to ease inflationary pressures.

Fed Funds Rate & CPI

That includes shrinking its $9 trillion balance sheet (QT).

During the pandemic, the Fed purchased almost $5 trillion of securities. The resulting shortage of Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) caused long-terms yields to fall and a migration of investors to equities in search of yield.

The Fed is expected to commence QT in May at the rate of $95 billion per month — $60 billion in Treasuries and $35 billion in MBS — after a phase-in over the first three months. Long-term Treasury yields are likely to rise even faster, accompanied by a reverse flow from equities into bonds.

S&P 500 & Fed Total Assets

S&P 500 breach of support at 4200, signaling a bear market, would anticipate this.

Conclusion

Fed rate hikes combined with QT are expected to drive long-term interest rates higher and cause an outflow from equities into bonds.

A bear market (Winter) is coming.

Gold breaks trendline

Treasury yields remain weak, with the 10-year yield testing support at 2.0 percent. Declining interest rates improve demand for gold but a subdued inflation outlook has the opposite effect.

10-Year Treasury Yields

The Fed has stopped QE, with total assets leveling off around $4.5 Trillion. Expansion of excess bank reserves on deposit with the Fed, which softened the inflationary impact of QE, halted a little earlier.

Fed Total Assets compared to Excess Reserves

The latter is contracting at a slightly faster pace, so the net effect (change in Total Assets minus Excess Reserves) remains stimulatory. Reversal below zero on the chart below would warn of a contraction.

Fed Total Assets minus Excess Reserves

The Dollar is weakening in line with interest rates, with the Dollar Index headed for a test of support at 93. 13-Week Twiggs Momentum crossed below zero, warning of a primary down-trend. Breach of primary support at 93 would confirm.

Dollar Index

A weaker Dollar would drive up gold. Spot gold broke its long-term descending trendline and is headed for a test of resistance at $1200/ounce. Recovery of 13-week Twiggs Momentum above zero would suggest a primary up-trend, but it would be prudent to wait for confirmation from a trough above zero and breakout above $1200.

Spot Gold

* Target calculation: 1200 – ( 1400 – 1200 ) = 1000