Bernard Connolly: Why the Euro Crisis Isn't Over | WSJ.com

From Brian Carney’s weekend interview with Bernard Connolly:

…But even if the Greeks were undisciplined, he says, “both the sovereign-debt crisis and the banking crisis are symptoms, not causes. And the underlying problem has been that there was a massive bubble generated in the world as a whole by monetary policy—but particularly in the euro zone” by European Central Bank policy.

The bubble formed like this: When countries such as Ireland, Greece and Spain joined the euro, their interest rates immediately dropped to near-German levels, in some cases from double-digit territory. “The optimism created by these countries’ suddenly finding that they could have low interest rates without their currencies collapsing, which had been their previous experience, led people to think that there was a genuine rate-of-return revolution going on,” he says.

There had been an increase in the rates of return in Ireland “and to some extent in Spain” in the run-up to euro membership, thanks to structural reforms in those countries in the pre-euro period. But by the time the euro rolled around, money was flowing into these countries out of all proportion to the opportunities available…..

Read more at The Weekend Interview with Bernard Connolly: Why the Euro Crisis Isn't Over – WSJ.com.

The final verdict on George Osborne as Chancellor | Mainly Macro

Simon Wren-Lewis, economics professor at Oxford University, writes:

What George Osborne did with his austerity programme was the equivalent of putting a sick patient on a starvation diet accompanied by cold showers. The UK economy without accelerated austerity would still have been in poor shape, but under George Osborne it has been a disaster.

Read more at mainly macro: The final verdict on George Osborne as Chancellor.

China Property Bubble by Gillem Tulloch [video]

Quick summary of the Chinese property bubble by Gillem Tulloch of Forensic Asia Limited.

S&P 500 caution

The S&P 500 retreated below 1525, heading for support at 1500. Failure of support would test the secondary trendline at 1475. Bearish divergence on 21-day Twiggs Money Flow warns of selling pressure, but may not be sufficient to start a full-blown correction.

S&P 500 Index

Breach of the secondary trendline at 1475 would indicate a test of primary support at 1350. Recovery of 63-day  Twiggs Momentum above 10% would increase likelihood of an upward breakout — with a target of 1750* — while retreat below zero would suggest a primary reversal.
S&P 500 Index

* Target calculation: 1550 + ( 1550 – 1350 ) = 1750

S&P 500 still cautious

The S&P 500 is testing short-term resistance at 1525 on the daily chart. Breakout would signal an advance to 1550. Bearish divergence on 21-day Twiggs Money Flow, however, warns of retracement to the rising trendline.

S&P 500 Index

The quarterly chart warns us to expect strong resistance at the 2000/2007 highs of 1550/1575. Recovery of 63-day  Twiggs Momentum above 10% would increase likelihood of an upward breakout — with a target of 1750* — while retreat below zero would suggest a primary reversal.
S&P 500 Index

* Target calculation: 1550 + ( 1550 – 1350 ) = 1750

The Nasdaq 100 is testing resistance at 2800 on the monthly chart. Breakout would suggest a primary advance to 3200* but bearish divergence on 13-week Twiggs Money Flow warns of a reversal. Breach of the rising trendline would strengthen the signal.
S&P 500 Index

* Target calculation: 2800 + ( 2800 – 2400 ) = 3200

I repeat my warning of the last few weeks:

These are times for cautious optimism. Central banks are flooding markets with freshly printed money, driving up stock prices, but this could create a bull trap if capital investment, employment and corporate earnings fail to respond.

Sweden has reformed its welfare state to deliver both efficiency and equity | EUROPP

Will Tanner writes:

At face value, the Swedish welfare state is an unlikely poster child for sustainable government. In 2011-12, government spending was 53.1 per cent of GDP, paid for by taxes on the average worker of 42.7 per cent. The country’s “cradle to grave” social security system has long been used as evidence that government can and should be bigger, not smaller. Despite this, the Swedish state is showing policymakers the world over how to deliver high quality services at low cost.

Read more at Sweden has reformed its welfare state to deliver both efficiency and equity – the UK should learn from its example. | EUROPP.

U.S.-EU Trade Deal: Obama Makes Risky Bet on Europe’s Future | Fiscal Times

David Francis writes:

The U.S. and European Union together already account for nearly half of global GDP and a third of global trade flows, with some $2.7 billion worth of goods and services exchanged daily. [A trade agreement] …..would increase trade between the partners by $120 billion within five years, according to a study by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. At the same time, it would add some $180 billion to U.S.-EU gross domestic product. Estimates put forth by the European Commission suggest a new trade pact could increase annual GDP by 0.5 percent in the EU and 0.4 percent in the U.S. by 2027.

Read more at U.S.-EU Trade Deal: Obama Makes Risky Bet on Europe’s Future | Fiscal Times.

Cause of the 2007/8 crash and threatened double-dip in 2010

Here is the smoking gun. Note the sharp contraction in the US monetary base before the last two recessions and again in 2010. Monetary base (M0) is plotted net of excess bank reserves on deposit with the Fed, which are not in circulation. The Fed responded after the contraction had taken place, instead of anticipating it.

Monetary Base minus Excess Reserves

The long-term problem is that the monetary base should not be expanding at 10 percent a year. More like 3% to 5% — in line with real GDP growth.

Fed's 2007 Transcripts Show Shift to Alarm | WSJ.com

2007 Fed transcripts show that tremors in the US financial system were initially treated with complacency before shifting to alarm. Janet Yellen, then president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, was one of the few who showed an understanding of the magnitude of the growing crisis. JON HILSENRATH and KRISTINA PETERSON at WSJ report:

“I still feel the presence of a 600-pound gorilla in the room, and that is the housing sector,” [Ms. Yellen] said in June 2007. “The risk for further significant deterioration in the housing market, with house prices falling and mortgage delinquencies rising further, causes me appreciable angst.”

By December, she was pushing the Fed to respond aggressively. She noted that the financial system’s problems were happening in the “shadow banking system”—that is, not in traditional banks but rather in bond markets and derivatives markets where hedge funds, investment banks and others traded mortgages and other financial instruments. “This sector is all but shut for new business,” she warned.

Read more at Fed's 2007 Transcripts Show Shift to Alarm – WSJ.com.

A credit vigilante arrives at the Fed | Gavyn Davies

Gavyn Davies at FT writes:

[Fed Governor, Professor Jeremy Stein] argues that the credit markets have recently been “reaching for yield”, much as they did prior to the financial crash. Although not yet as dangerous as in the period from 2004-2007, this behaviour is shown by the rapid expansion of the junk bond market, flows into high-yield mutual funds and real estate investment trusts and the duration of bond portfolios held by banks……. he indicates that the right weapon to deal with this might well be to raise interest rates, rather than relying solely on regulatory and other prudential policy to control the process. This would obviously come as a big surprise to the markets, which have tended to view the Fed’s stated concerns about the “costs of QE” as so much hot air……

Read more at A credit vigilante arrives at the Fed | Gavyn Davies.