Author: Colin Twiggs

Colin Twiggs is a former investment banker with almost 40 years of experience in financial markets. He co-founded Incredible Charts and writes the popular Trading Diary and Patient Investor newsletters. Using a top-down approach, Colin identifies key macro trends in the global economy before evaluating selected opportunities using a combination of fundamental and technical analysis. Focusing on interest rates and financial market liquidity as primary drivers of the economic cycle, he warned of the 2008/2009 and 2020 bear markets well ahead of actual events. He founded PVT Capital (AFSL No. 546090) in May 2023, which offers investment strategy and advice to wholesale clients.
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ASX 200 breakout

The ASX 200 broke resistance at 6800, signaling a fresh advance. Expect retracement to test the new support level; respect would strengthen the bull signal.

ASX 200

Primary driver of the advance is resources. Talk of an imminent phase 1 US-China trade deal lifted iron ore, which is now testing resistance at 95. Expect retracement to test primary support at 80 but respect would confirm that a base has formed.

Iron Ore

The ASX 300 Metals & Mining index is advancing in step with iron ore prices, with a short-term target of 4800.

ASX 300 Metals & Mining

Financials remain weak, with the ASX 300 Banks index ranging in a bearish narrow band between 7200 and 7500. Respect of the descending trendline would warn of another decline, with a short-term target of 7000.

ASX 300 Banks

The ASX 200 REITs index recovered after a false break below 1580, with a short-term target of 1680.

ASX 200 REITs

We maintain a focus on defensive and contra-cyclical (gold) sectors because of our bearish outlook for the Australian and global economy.

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Gold bearish on imminent phase 1 deal

The U.S. and China are finalizing a bevy of long-running corporate deals ahead of a high-profile ceremony to sign a trade deal next week that the world’s largest economies seek to cast as a major breakthrough and a marked warming in the relationship. Along with a Chinese delegation led by top negotiator Vice Premier Liu He, executives from American and Chinese companies will also attend the White House event to sign the phase-one agreement on Jan. 15, said the people, who asked not be named discussing private plans. (Bloomberg)

Gold retreated on news that signing of the US-China phase 1 deal is imminent. A tall shadow on the weekly chart warns of selling pressure.  Another test of primary support at $1450 is likely.

Gold (USD/ounce)

Silver also retreated, while declining Trend Index peaks below zero warn of strong selling pressure. Expect another test of support at $16.50.

Silver (USD/ounce)

China’s Yuan broke resistance at 14.35 US cents, while rising Trend Index troughs indicate buying pressure. Expect retracement to test support, but the outlook for the Yuan against the Dollar is turning bullish.

CNYUSD

10-Year Treasury yields found support at 1.70% and a rising Yuan is likely to cause another test of resistance at 2.0%. Breakout would offer a target of 2.50%.

10-Year Treasury Yields

Rising treasury yields increase the opportunity cost of holding precious metals and are bearish for Gold.

Australia

Australia’s All Ordinaries Gold Index penetrated the upper border of its downward trend channel but this week’s tall shadow warns of selling pressure and another test of support at 6000.

All Ordinaries Gold Index

Respect of support at 6000, with follow-through above 7000, would signal that a base has formed.

Patience

Gold is in a long-term up-trend and the current correction may offer an attractive entry point. But we first need a clear breakout from the downward trend channel to confirm that the up-trend is intact.

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Gold rallies as the Dollar weakens but rising yields may counteract

Gold rallied off support at $1450, testing resistance at $1500/$1520. Lower Trend Index peaks continue to warn of long-term selling pressure and another test of support at $1450 is likely.

Gold (USD/ounce)

Silver is similarly  testing resistance at $18.00/ounce, while declining Trend Index peaks warn of LT selling pressure.  Expect another test of support at $16.50.

Silver (USD/ounce)

China’s Yuan is testing resistance at 14.35 US cents, while rising Trend Index troughs suggest buying pressure. Expect retracement to test support but the LT outlook is more bullish.

CNYUSD

The Dollar Index, which should behave inversely to the Yuan (CNYUSD) above, is headed for a test of primary support at 96. Breach would be a strong bear signal.

Dollar Index

A weakening Dollar is a bull signal for Gold but it is driving up Treasury yields — raising the opportunity cost of holding precious metals — which is likely to offset rising demand.

10-Year Treasury yields are testing resistance at 2.0%. Breakout would offer a target of 2.50%.

10-Year Treasury Yields

Australia

Australia’s All Ordinaries Gold Index is testing the upper border of its downward trend channel. Declining Trend Index peaks have leveled off, suggesting that selling pressure is easing. Expect another test of support at 6000; respect would signal that a base is forming. Breakout from the trend channel would strengthen the signal.

All Ordinaries Gold Index

Patience

Gold is in a long-term up-trend and the current correction may offer an attractive entry point. But we first need a clear breakout from the trend channel to confirm that the up-trend is intact.

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Gold remains bearish

10-Year Treasury yields are headed for another test of 2.0%. Rising Trend Index peaks indicate buying pressure. Breakout would offer a target of 2.50% and further weaken demand for Gold (higher yields increase the opportunity cost of holding precious metals).

10-Year Treasury Yields

Gold continues to test support at $1450, while lower Trend Index peaks warn of selling pressure. Breach of support would offer a target of $1350/ounce.

Gold (USD/ounce)

Silver made a false break through support at $16.80/ounce but the overall pattern, with declining Trend Index peaks, remains bearish.

Silver (USD/ounce)

Australia

Australia’s All Ordinaries Gold Index continues in a downward trend channel. Declining Trend Index peaks warn of continued selling pressure but seem to be leveling off. Respect of support at 6000, accompanied by higher Trend Index troughs, would suggest that a base is forming. Breakout from the trend channel would strengthen the signal.

All Ordinaries Gold Index

Patience

Gold is in a long-term up-trend and the current correction may offer an attractive entry point. But we first need a breakout from the trend channel to confirm that the up-trend is intact.

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ASX 200 hesitant because of banks

Financials are still weak. The ASX 300 Banks rally appears short-lived, posting a red candle for the week. Expect another test of support at 7200; breach would test primary support at 6750.

ASX 300 Banks

The ASX 200 REITs index recovered above support at 1600. False breaks on both the bull and bear side indicate hesitancy but declining peaks on the Trend Index warn of long-term selling pressure.

ASX 200 REITs

The ASX 300 Metals & Mining index is more bullish, having broken resistance at 4450. Expect retracement to test the new support level; respect would confirm the target of 4800.

ASX 300 Metals & Mining

Talk of an imminent trade deal lifted iron ore above previous support at 90. Expect another test of primary support at 80, but respect would confirm that a base is forming above 80.

Iron Ore

A bearish financial sector is holding the ASX 200 back. Follow-through above recent weekly highs would signal another advance, while reversal below 6600 would test primary support at 6400. Further consolidation between 6400 and 6800 is just as likely given the gradual decline on the Trend Index.

ASX 200

We are avoiding highly-priced growth stocks and focusing on defensive and contra-cyclical sectors because of our bearish outlook for the Australian and global economies.

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What is causing the current S&P 500 rise and how is it likely to end?

In November 2007, six months after the inverted yield curve (3M-10Y) recovered to a positive slope, bellwether transport stock Fedex broke primary support at 100 to warn of an economic slow-down.

Today, two months after rate cuts restored an inverted yield curve to positive, Fedex again broke primary support, this time at 150. Their CEO observed that the stock market might be booming but the “industrial economy does not reflect any growth at all.”

Fedex

Real GDP growth is slowing, with our latest estimate, based on weekly hours worked, projecting GDP growth of 1.5% for the calendar year.

Real GDP and Weekly Hours Worked

While real corporate profits are declining.

Corporate Profits Before Tax adjusted for Inflation

What is keeping stocks afloat?

First, a flood of new money from the Fed. They expanded their balance sheet by $375 billion since September 2019 and are expected to double that to $750 billion — bringing total Fed holdings to $4.5 trillion by mid-January — to head off an expected liquidity crisis in repo and FX swap markets. The red line below shows expansion of the Fed’s balance sheet, the blue is the S&P 500 index.

S&P 500 and Fed Assets

Second, ultra-low bond yields have starved investment markets of yield, boosting earnings multiples. P/E of historic earnings rose to 22.01 at the end of the September quarter and is projected to reach 22.82 in the December quarter (based on current S&P earnings estimates).

S&P 500 P/E (maximum of previous earnings)

That is significantly higher than the peak earnings multiples achieved before previous crashes — 18.86 of October 1929 and 18.69 in October 1987 — and is only surpassed by the massive spike of the Dotcom bubble.

How could this end?

First, if the Fed withdraws (or makes any move to withdraw) the $750 billion temporary liquidity injection, intended to tide financial markets over the calendar year-end, I expect that the market would crash within minutes. They are unlikely to be that stupid but we should recognize that the funding is permanent, not temporary.

Second, if bond yields rise, P/E multiples are likely to fall. 10-Year breakout above 2.0% would signal an extended rise in yields.

10-Year Treasury Yields

China has slowed its accumulation of US Dollar reserves, allowing the Yuan to strengthen against the Dollar (or at least weaken at a slower rate). Reduced Treasury purchases are causing yields to rise. The chart below shows in recent months how Treasury yields have tracked the Yuan/US Dollar (CNYUSD) exchange rate.

CNYUSD

Accumulation of USD foreign exchange reserves (by China) is likely to be a central tenet of US trade deal negotiations — as they were with Japan in the 1985 Plaza Accord. Expect upward pressure on Treasury yields as growth in Chinese holdings slows and possibly even declines.

Third, and most importantly, are actual earnings. With 98.6% of S&P 500 companies having reported, earnings for the September quarter are 6.5% below the same quarter last year. Poor Fedex results and low economic growth warn of further poor earnings ahead.

We maintain our view that stocks are over-priced and that investors need to exercise caution. We are over-weight cash and under-weight equities and will hold this position until normal P/E multiples are restored.

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Cracks are showing in China’s Debt Markets

“You only learn who has been swimming naked when the tide goes out…” ~ Warren Buffett

Beijing’s de-leveraging campaign, to set the economy on a sustainable path, is starting to expose some of the excesses in financial markets.

Local Government

Local governments owe some 49 trillion yuan (about $7 trillion or 50% of China’s GDP) in off-balance-sheet debt through local government finance vehicles (LGFVs). LGFVs generate no income themselves and are reliant on revenue flows from the city government to service the debt. Local governments in the past generated substantial revenue through land sales but dwindling sales make debt servicing a challenge. Many LGFVs are experiencing cash flow problems and have resorted to borrowing in shadow finance markets to meet their commitments. Interest rates are close to 10% and will simply accelerate the inevitable implosion.

This map from Rhodium highlights the most severely affected LGFVs, where debt in some cases exceeds 30 times local government revenues:

China: City Level Financial Stress

China’s Ministry of Finance (MOF) is attempting to keep a lid on the problem, offering long-term low interest loans from China Development Bank to repay shadow financing. Zhenjiang, an eastern city of Jiangsu province was one of the first beneficiaries, in March 2019. But debt substitution merely prolongs the crisis unless the city can sell off marketable assets to repay debt. Marketable assets which are, in many cases, proving hard to find.

This detailed report from Rhodium examines the problem.

State-owned Enterprises (SOEs)

We are also witnessing a $1.25 billion default by local government-owned Tewoo Group:

“China’s Tewoo Group has forced investors to take losses on a US dollar bond, marking the largest failure to repay dollar debt by a state-owned company in two decades….The commodities trader, which is wholly owned by the city government of Tianjin, completed an exchange offer this week that made investors take significant discounts on their holdings in the company’s debt.”
“The offer was ‘tantamount to a default’, S&P Global Ratings said on Thursday.” ~ FT.com

Based out of Tianjin, Tewoo is a bulk trader of commodities such as metals (ferrous & nonferrous), energy, minerals and chemicals….

In 2017, it had a turnover of $66.6 billion with profits of $122 million and was ranked 129th in the Fortune Global 500 list & 28th in the Chinese enterprises list. The company employs more than 19,000 professionals and has operations across the US, Germany, Japan and Singapore.

Tewoo’s financial challenges are closely linked to Bohai Steel Group, a business associate which has filed for liquidation due to high leverage. Bohai’s bankruptcy in 2018 triggered systemic risk in Tianjin’s financial market and Tewoo has been facing serious liquidity challenges in recent months. ~ MoneyControl

Bank Bailouts

Many small and medium-sized banks are overly reliant on wholesale markets for funding and tightening credit has left them high and dry.
Barclays Research highlighted a number of banks that had failed to submit their 2018 annual reports on time (source Zero Hedge/Macrobusiness):

China: Troubled Banks

  • Baoshang Bank underwent a state takeover in May.
  • Bank of Jinzhou was taken over by state-owned strategic investors in July.
  • Heng Feng Bank was taken over by China’s sovereign wealth fund in August.
  • Troubled Anbang Insurance Group is selling a 35% stake in Chengdu Rural Commercial Bank to “an investment firm owned by the southwestern city of Chengdu.” (Caixin)

While, according to Caixin:

“China’s Hengfeng Bank will raise 100 billion yuan ($14.21 billion) through a private placement to a group of state and foreign investors…..The troubled Shandong-based lender will issue 100 billion shares, Hengfeng said Wednesday in a statement.”

Foreign investment is simply window-dressing, with Singapore’s United Overseas Bank subscribing for 4% of the new issue. Probably with a “put” on the other state-owned purchasers.

“The bailouts for China’s troubled small banks roll on……China’s sneaky system-wide bank bailout is well underway.” ~ Trivium China

Efforts by Beijing to curb exponential debt growth are praiseworthy, but are likely to come at a substantial cost. Expect GDP growth to slow and gradual “Japanification” as the state attempts to avoid hard choices, supporting the continued existence of “zombie” companies ……and sclerosis of the Chinese economy.

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Serious plumbing problems at the Fed

Fed activities in repo markets are growing. They have already expanded their balance sheet by $335 billion since the beginning of September and the party is just getting started. Former Fed repo expert Zoltan Pozsar, now at Credit Suisse, warns that major banks are heavily overweight in US Treasuries and underweight in excess reserve deposits at the Fed. The result is likely to be a major liquidity squeeze over the December year-end, with the Fed balance sheet expected to expand to more than $4.5 trillion by mid-January – a total injection of close to $750 billion in little more than 3 months!

S&P 500 and Fed Assets

Pozsar is critical of the Fed’s strategy, warning that purchases of short-term T-bills (done to avoid flattening the yield curve) will not solve the problem as the banks need to sell longer-term Treasuries in order to improve liquidity. Current operations have failed to lift excess reserves on deposit at the Fed.

Excess Reserves on Deposit and Fed Assets

The result, according to Pozsar, is that the Fed may be forced to commence QE4 — purchasing longer-term Treasuries despite its reluctance to do so. The alternative could be far worse:

“….the dismal liquidity situation within the US commercial bank sector is so dire, that the shortage of reserves will start a cascade of liquidations beginning in the FX swap market, progressing to Treasurys, and culminating in stocks… and a full-blown market crash.”

Underlying the repo crisis are the usual suspects, according to Zero Hedge:

….massively levered hedge funds engaging in Treasury relative value trades (think of these as a modern twist on the LTCM trade)

“High demand for secured (repo) funding from non-financial institutions, such as hedge funds heavily engaged in leveraging up relative value trades,” was a key factor behind the chaos according to Claudio Borio at the BIS.

The BIS’s finding was novel, and surprising, as it highlighted the “growing clout of hedge funds in the repo market” echoing something we pointed out one year ago: hedge funds such as Millennium, Citadel and Point 72 are not only active in the repo market, they are also the most heavily leveraged multi-strat funds in the world, taking something like $20-$30 billion and levering it up to $200 billion. They achieve said leverage using repo.

As baseball icon Yogi Berra said:

“It’s like deja-vu, all over again.”

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Trade deal announced

Donald Trumps latest tweets on a trade deal with China:

Twitter

As Trish Nguyen predicted, Trump was never going to introduce the Dec15 tariffs as they directly impact on US consumers, not producers as in earlier rounds of tariffs.

Prof Aaron Friedberg (Princeton) gives an interesting summary of the impact this deal will have. The bottom line is that China will not change its ways:

 

  • CCP-ruled China has long exploited advanced industrial economies – by pursuing a variety of predatory and market-distorting policies

  • The CCP is exceptionally unlikely to offer any fundamental concessions on these policies – they are deeply embedded in China’s economic system and the CCP views them as essential to its hold on power

  • Even if CCP-ruled China were to modify some of its more objectionable economic practices, so long as its domestic political regime remains unchanged, it will continue to pose a serious geopolitical and ideological challenge to the U.S.

  • In light of these realities, the U.S. should pursue a four-part strategy for defending U.S. prosperity and security, by moving toward a posture of partial economic disengagement from China.

De-coupling will continue.

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Trade deal bearish for Gold

Donald Trump is talking up the prospects of a trade deal, while China remains non-commital, but experience has taught us to judge the two parties more by their actions than the rhetoric.

The Chinese Yuan is strengthening against the US Dollar, testing resistance at 14.35 US cents. A strengthening Yuan means lower USD reserves, driving US Treasury yields higher.

Chinese Yuan CNY/USD

10-Year Treasury yields are likely to again test 2.0%, weakening demand for Gold (higher yields increase the opportunity cost of holding precious metals).

10-Year Treasury Yields

The one counter to this scenario is if the Fed takes up the slack — left by low PBOC purchases — through its repo activity which is expected to reach $500 billion by the end of the year. The Fed is not buying Treasuries but instead may finance purchases by primary dealers and hedge funds at very low rates.

Gold continues to test support at $1450, while lower Trend Index peaks warn of selling pressure. Breach of support would offer a target of $1350/ounce.

Gold (USD/ounce)

Silver made a false break through support at $16.80/ounce but declining Trend Index peaks similarly warn of continued selling pressure.

Silver (USD/ounce)

Australia

Australia’s All Ordinaries Gold Index broke support at 6500, signaling continuation of the downward trend channel. Declining Trend Index peaks again warn of continued selling pressure

All Ordinaries Gold Index

Patience

Gold is in a long-term up-trend and the current correction may offer an attractive entry point. But we first need a breakout from the trend channel to confirm that the up-trend is intact.

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