Euro Zone Isn’t Only Potential 2012 Boogey Man – Real Time Economics – WSJ

Here are three more to add to the list.
First, U.S. consumers pull back again. U.S. households have been resilient which has lifted global producers. But future spending will depend on better job growth and incomes growing ahead of prices…..
Second, a U.S.-China trade war breaks out. China has slowed down. If growth drops more than expected and social unrest increases, Beijing might react by blaming U.S. regulations for the loss of work…..
Last but not least, fiscal policy blunders big-time. Never underestimate the ability of Washington to screw up the economy if political points can be scored…..

via Euro Zone Isn’t Only Potential 2012 Boogey Man – Real Time Economics – WSJ.

Mega-trends and their impact in 2012

To arrive at an outlook for the year ahead we first need to analyze the big trends that endure for decades and in some cases even longer.

Population growth and food resources

The number one dynamic over the last century has been the exponential rise in global population. It took 123 years for the world population to grow from 1 to 2 billion (by 1927) and only 12 years to grow from 5 to 6 billion (by 1999). Growth, however, is now slowing and we are predicted to rise from the current 7 billion to a peak of 9 billion in the 2050s.

At the same time we are faced with increasing scarcity of food and water. Advances in technology have improved crop yields, but increased meat consumption in China and other Asian economies will reduce overall output. The area of land required to produce an equivalent amount of edible protein from livestock is 4 to 5 times higher compared to traditional grains and legumes, and up to 10 times higher for beef. Diversion of land use for ethanol production will also restrict food output.

Global warming, whether man-made or a natural cycle, may also contribute to declining food production — through droughts, floods and depleting fish stocks.

Depleting natural resources

We are also depleting global deposits of ferrous- and non-ferrous ores — as well as energy reserves of crude oil and coal — as global industrialization accelerates. Commodity costs can be expected to rise as readily available resources are depleted and we are forced to dig deeper and endure harsher conditions in order to access fresh deposits. Deep water ocean-drilling and exploration within the Arctic and Antarctic circles are likely to increase.

As energy resources are depleted, nuclear energy production is likely to expand despite current safety concerns. Development of technologies such as thorium fluoride reactors hold out some hope of safer nuclear options, but these may be some way off. Wind and solar energy are likely to remain on the fringe until technology develops to the point where they are cost effective compared to alternative sources.

Global competition

Competition for scarce resources will increase tensions between major economic players, with each attempting to expand their sphere of influence — and secure their sources of supply. The Middle East, Africa, South America, Australia, Mongolia and the former USSR are all potential targets because of their rich resource base.

Trade wars

In addition to competition for scarce resources, we are also likely to see increased competition for international trade. Resistance to further currency manipulation — initiated by Japan in the 1980s and perpetuated by China in the last decade — is likely to rise. US Treasury holdings by China and Japan currently sit at more than $2.3 Trillion, the inflows on capital account being used to offset outflows on current account and maintain a competitive trade advantage by suppressing their exchange rate.

Rise of democracy

Another factor contributing to instability is the rise of democracy in some parts of the world. The Arab Spring is still in its infancy, but the development has no doubt caused concern amongst autocratic governments around the globe. Food shortages and rising global prices will act as a catalyst. The likely result is increased suppression in some autocracies and a rapid transition to democracy in others, like Myanmar. But the transition to democracy is never smooth — especially in countries with clear fault lines, such as language, religious, racial or cultural differences — and can lead to decades of conflict before some degree of stability is achieved.

Decay of Democracy

On the other hand we are witnessing the decay of long-standing, mature Western democracies. Undue influence exerted by special interest groups with large cash resources — such as banks, big oil, and armaments manufacturers — force politicians to serve not only their electorate but their financial sponsors. Aging populations pose a new threat: large voting blocs who are not participants in the economic workforce will wield increasing influence over distribution of social welfare payments such as Medicare and Pensions. And politicians are increasingly guilty of over-spending, running up public debt and debasing currencies, in their attempt to keep voters happy and secure re-election.

The long term hope is that we evolve a more consensus-based form of democracy, along the lines of the Swiss model, and away from the excesses of the current winner-takes-all system.

Global debt binge

The decay in Western democracy resulted in a massive debt binge over the last 3 decades, with private debt often growing at double-figure rates, accompanied by burgeoning public debt levels. The massive debt bubble far outstripped GDP growth, effectively debasing currencies and causing soaring inflation of consumer and asset (housing and stock) prices. The GFC marked the peak of the debt expansion and was followed rapid contraction as the private sector diverted income to repay debt. Debt contraction is catastrophic, however, and can cause GDP to fall by up to 25 percent as in the Great Depression of the 1930s.

The response has been a massive expansion of public debt as governments run deficits in order to offset the private debt contraction. Overall debt levels hardly faltered as government spending programs filled the hole left by private debt contraction. While this succeeded in plugging the gap, many Western governments are left with huge public debt and increasingly nervous bond markets.

Central banks such as the Fed and BOE stepped into the breach, purchasing government bonds with newly-created money. Apart from putting gold performance on steroids, central bank asset purchases had little impact on inflation because the effect was offset by the deflationary debt contraction. But cessation of the debt contraction would let the genie out of the bottle.

Outlook for 2012

Here is how I believe these big trends will impact on 2012. I do not claim to have a crystal ball and it may be amusing to review these predictions at the end of the year:

  • Further debt contraction
    Contraction of private debt and constraints on government borrowing will strengthen deflationary forces.
  • Further QE
    The Fed and BOE are likely to expand their balance sheets to support public borrowing. The ECB may make a limited response because of constraints imposed by member states such as Germany.
  • Low inflation
    Deflationary forces will outweigh the inflationary effect of QE by central banks.
  • Low global growth
    Debt contraction and a euro-zone banking crisis will ensure low growth.
  • Euro-zone banking crisis will require further bank rescues
    Placing further stress on public debt levels, and pressure on the ECB to act.
  • China “soft” landing
    A second massive stimulus focused on low-cost housing and quelling social unrest will restore economic activity, but export markets will remain flat and the banking sector inundated with non-performing loans.
  • Easing of commodity prices slows
    Massive stimulus from China will support commodity prices.
  • Further social unrest amongst autocratic regimes
    The Arab Spring will continue sporadically across a far wider area.
  • Crude oil prices remain high, aided by further conflict
    High crude prices will also contribute to low growth.
  • US current account deficit shrinks as yuan rises
    Increased pressure from the US will prevent China from expanding its Treasury investments causing the yuan to strengthen against the dollar.
  • Dollar strengthens against euro
    A euro-zone banking crisis will ensure that the dollar preserves its safe-haven status.
  • Gold bull-trend when QE resumes
    Resumption of QE by the Fed would ensure that gold resumes its bull-trend against the dollar.

I wish you peace and prosperity in the year ahead but, most of all, the good health to enjoy it.

Regards,
Colin Twiggs

Big Banks See Better Than 50/50 Odds of QE3 – Real Time Economics – WSJ

Wall Street’s biggest banks expect the Federal Reserve‘s 0% interest rates to persist into at least 2014, and see good odds the Fed will provide additional stimulus to the economy in the near term, according to a Federal Reserve Bank of New York survey of primary dealers.

…..The median expectation that the Fed could provide additional stimulus in the form of bond buying that would push the balance sheet beyond its current $2.9 trillion level stands at 60% over the year.

via Big Banks See Better Than 50/50 Odds of QE3 – Real Time Economics – WSJ.

TaxVox » Blog Archive » A Medicare Reform Plan That Just Might Work

Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) and House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) did a remarkable thing: They announced a bipartisan plan to fix Medicare, probably the most contentious of policy issues.

And amazingly, what they came up with might just work…….

Ryan-Wyden would work like this:

  • Those 65 and older would receive a subsidy to purchase insurance. They could either buy traditional Medicare or a private policy that met government benefit and marketing standards.
  • Private insurers would have to offer plans at least as good as fee-for-service Medicare and be barred from denying coverage based on pre-existing conditions.
  • The subsidy would be tied to the cost of the second-lowest cost private plan or traditional Medicare. This would be relatively generous.
  • Seniors would buy coverage through an insurance market that would very likely mimic the exchanges in the 2010 health law.
  • For the first time, the proposal would cap Medicare cost growth. Thus, instead of continuing Medicare as an open-ended entitlement whose costs automatically rise with health expenditures, the program would impose a global budget on the program. In theory, at least, the combination of market competition and this overall budget would slow the growth of Medicare costs. This could be the most contentious element of the entire plan.
  • The plan would provide additional subsidies for low-income seniors but increase premiums for those with high-incomes. It would also offer a new catastrophic benefit.
  • It would apply only to those who turn 65 in 2022 or later.

via TaxVox » Blog Archive » A Medicare Reform Plan That Just Might Work.

Emerging Trends in Real Estate 2012 – CRE Console Blog

For 2012, U.S. real estate players must resign themselves to a slowing, grind-it-out recovery following a period of mostly sporadic growth, confined largely to “wealth island” real estate markets—the primary 24-hour gateways located along global pathways.

via Emerging Trends in Real Estate 2012 – CRE Console Blog.

NCREIF Cap Rate to 10-Year Treasury Yields

Comment: ~ Commercial real estate yields are following Treasury yields lower. This may present short/medium-term capital gains but long-term pain when Treasury yields revert to their normal range.

2011 Financial Report Of The U.S. Government – David Merkel

Net Liabilities of the US Government (in $Trillions) Measured on an Accrual Basis

To pay down liabilities like these would require the permanent allocation of an additional 8% of GDP. Where would we find the will to do that? I suspect as a result that we will see real decreases in Medicare benefits — things that won’t be eligible for payment. Hospice care will be indicated at higher frequency when healing an old person would be costly. So just be aware that something has to change, either taxes have to rise, or Medicare benefit levels have to fall.

via 2011 Financial Report Of The U.S. Government – Seeking Alpha.

Santa Rally or Grinch in Disguise? | The Big Picture

If the crisis is resolved and the rally is real, then why is it that:

1) Treasury yields in the U.S. are still at panic levels and NOT confirming the collapse in the VIX?

2) Bear sectors (Utilities, Consumer Staples, and Healthcare) are have not significantly underperformed?

3) Bullish Sectors (Technology, Consumer Discretionary) have underperformed?

4) European long bonds yields have NOT budged, with Italy’s 10 year-yield reaching 7% again?

5) Emerging Markets have FAILED to rally in a convincing way

6) Gold and Silver are NOT rallying on a reflation trade

via Santa Rally or Grinch in Disguise? | The Big Picture.

The path to recovery: how to bring the debt binge under control

The debt binge since 1975, fueled by an easy-money policy from the Fed, has landed the US economy in serious difficulties. Wall Street no doubt lobbied hard for debt expansion, because of the boost to interest margins, with little thought as to their own vulnerability. There can be no justification for debt to expand at a faster rate than GDP — a rising Debt to GDP ratio — as this feeds through into the money supply, causing asset (real estate and stocks) and/or consumer prices to balloon. What we see here is clear evidence of financial mismanagement of the US economy over several decades: the graph of debt to GDP should be a flat line.

US Domestic and Private Non-Financial Debt as Percentage of GDP

The difference between domestic and private (non-financial) debt is public debt, comprising federal, state and municipal borrowings. When we look at aggregate debt below, domestic (non-financial) debt is still rising, albeit at a slower pace than the 8.2 percent average of the previous 5 years (2004 to 2008). Public debt is ballooning in an attempt to mitigate the deflationary effect of a private debt contraction. Clearly this is an unsustainable path.

US Domestic and Private Non-Financial Debt

The economy has grown addicted to debt and any attempt to go “cold turkey” — cutting off further debt expansion — will cause pain. But there are steps that can be taken to alleviate this.

Public Debt and Infrastructure Investment

If private debt contracts, you need to expand public debt — by running a deficit — in order to counteract the deflationary effect of the contraction. The present path expands public debt rapidly in an attempt to not only offset the shrinkage in private debt levels but also to continue the expansion of overall (domestic non-financial) debt levels. This is short-sighted. You can’t borrow your way out of trouble. And encouraging the private sector to take on more debt would be asking for a repeat of the GFC. The private sector needs to deleverage but how can this be done without causing a total economic collapse? The answer lies in government spending.

Treasury cannot afford to borrow more money if this is used to meet normal government expenditure. Public debt as a percentage of GDP would sky-rocket, further destabilizing the economy. If the proceeds are invested in infrastructure projects, however, that earn a market-related return on investment — whether they be high-speed rail, toll roads or bridges, automated port facilities, airport upgrades, national broadband networks or oil pipelines — there are at least four benefits. First is the boost to employment during the construction phase, not only on the project itself but in related industries that supply equipment and materials. Second is the saving in unemployment benefits as employment is lifted. Third, the fiscal balance sheet is strengthened by addition of saleable, income-producing assets, reducing the net public debt. Lastly, and most importantly, GDP is boosted by revenues from the completed project — lowering the public debt to GDP ratio.

Public debt would still rise, and bond market funding in the current climate may not be reliable. But this is the one time that Treasury purchases (QE) by the Fed would not cause inflation. Simply because the inflationary effect of asset purchases are offset by the deflationary effect of private debt contraction. Overall (domestic non-financial) debt levels do not rise, so there is no upward pressure on prices.

Infrastructure investment should not be seen as the silver bullet, that will solve all our problems. Over-investment in infrastructure can produce diminishing marginal returns — as in bridges to nowhere — and government projects are prone to political interference, cost overruns, and mismanagement. But these negatives can be minimized through partnership with the private sector.

Projects should also not be viewed as a short-term, band-aid solution. The private sector has to increase hiring and make substantial capital investment in order to support them. All the good work would be undone if the spigot is shut off prematurely. What is needed is a 10 to 20 year program to revamp the national infrastructure, restore competitiveness and lay the foundation for future growth.

There are no quick fixes. But what the public needs is a clear path to recovery, rather than the current climate of indecision.