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Tag: TGA Account

Posted on June 7, 2025June 7, 2025

Stocks lift on jobs report but keep your eyes on the dollar

Summary

  • A stronger-than-expected BLS labor report buoyed stocks
  • The stronger jobs figures reduce the chance of further Fed rate cuts
  • Speculators are covering positions in long-term bonds, causing yields to rise
  • Higher long-term yields are, in turn, bearish for stocks

The S&P 500 was buoyed by a stronger-than-expected labor report, with little sign of the economy slowing from President Trump’s flip-flop on tariffs. A breakout above strong resistance between 6000 and 6100 would signal a fresh advance, but we advise caution as it could be a bull trap.

S&P 500

Financial Markets

Financial market liquidity has improved, with the Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index declining to a revised -0.476 on May 30.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

A sharp fall in the Treasury General Account (TGA) at the Fed injected more than $200 billion into financial markets in recent weeks, but that is not sustainable for long.

Fed Liabilities: Treasury General Account (TGA)

A declining spread on Moody’s Baa corporate bonds shows the beneficial effect on credit markets.

Moody's Baa Corporate Bond Spreads

Treasury Markets

Speculators anticipating a series of Fed rate cuts are covering positions in long-term Treasuries, lifting the yield to 4.5%. Follow-through above 4.5% would offer a short-term target of 4.8%, prompting further action by Treasury Secretary Bessent to keep a lid on long-term rates. However, he can only do so much without the Fed’s help.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Economy

Employment in cyclical sectors—manufacturing, construction, and transport and warehousing—remains strong at 27.8 million, with no sign of the typical contraction that precedes a recession.

Employment in Cyclical Sectors: Manufacturing, Construction, and Transport & Warehousing

Unit sales of heavy-weight trucks are declining gradually rather than the steep fall that typically precedes a recession.

Heavy Truck Sales

However, declining real manufacturers’ new orders for capital goods (excluding defense and aircraft) for April, adjusted by the producer price index (for capital goods), warn of a sharp fall in new capital investment.

Manufacturing New Orders: Non-Defense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft/PPI for Capital Equipment

Labor Market

Jobs grew by a better-than-expected 139 thousand in May. However, the figure is seasonally adjusted and likely subject to revision.

Employment Growth

Continued claims increased to 1.9 million by May 24, but the unemployment rate remained 4.2% in May, well below our 5.0% warning level.

Continued Claims & Unemployment

Growth in aggregate hours worked slowed to an annualized rate of 1.0%, warning of a similar decline in GDP growth in the second quarter.

Total Hours Worked

Temporary jobs have contracted to 2.5 million, reinforcing the bearish sign from declining growth in hours worked.

Temporary Employment

The gap between job openings and unemployment has narrowed, indicating that the labor market is now in balance.

Job Openings

However, average hourly earnings continue to grow at close to 4.0%, signaling underlying inflationary pressures in the economy.

Average Hourly Earnings

Dollar & Gold

The US Dollar Index continues to test long-term support at 100. Follow-through below 98 would offer a target of 90, warning of capital outflows and a strong bear signal for the bond market.

Dollar Index

Gold is patiently testing resistance at $3,400 per ounce, waiting for a bear signal from the Dollar Index. A breakout would strengthen our target of $4,000 by the end of the year.

Spot Gold

Silver made a sharp breakout above resistance at $34 per ounce. We expect retracement to test the new support level. Respect will likely confirm the breakout, but, having been burned before, we remain wary of a bull trap.

Spot Silver

Conclusion

The rise in stocks is likely short-lived as rising long-term interest rates will likely spoil the party. The Fed is unlikely to heed President Trump’s call for a 100 basis-point cut:

“Go for a full point, Rocket Fuel,” Trump said in a post on Truth Social, adding that the Fed could increase rates again if inflation reignited. (Reuters)

The labor market remains in balance, and signs that the economy is slowing more likely reflect the impact of poor trade policy rather than too-high interest rates.

All eyes should be on the dollar. A Dollar Index fall below 98 would warn of capital outflows—a bear signal for bonds and stocks and a bull signal for gold.

Acknowledgments

  • Reuters: Fed likely to leave rates unchanged as US job market cools but doesn’t crumble
  • Federal Reserve of St Louis: FRED Data
Colin Twiggs

Colin Twiggs is a former investment banker with almost 40 years of experience in financial markets. He co-founded Incredible Charts and writes the popular Trading Diary and Patient Investor newsletters.

Using a top-down approach, Colin identifies key macro trends in the global economy before evaluating selected opportunities using a combination of fundamental and technical analysis.

Focusing on interest rates and financial market liquidity as primary drivers of the economic cycle, he warned of the 2008/2009 and 2020 bear markets well ahead of actual events.
He founded PVT Capital (AFSL No. 546090) in May 2023, which offers investment strategy and advice to wholesale clients.

Posted on November 29, 2023November 30, 2023

Fed stealth liquidity may presage early rate cuts

Commercial bank cash assets, representing reserves held at the Fed, reversed its down-trend after September 2022 — when the UK gilt crisis occurred — and is now edging higher, reflecting stealth liquidity support from the Fed and Treasury.

Commercial Bank Reserves

Fed QT is reducing liquidity at the rate of $95 billion per month but the effect of discount lending and reduction of RRP facilities means that net liquidity is increasing.

The diagram below, from Cross Border Capital, shows how Fed and Treasury actions affect money market liquidity. The Fed injects liquidity by buying securities (QE) and discount lending to banks (including the Bank Term Funding Program introduced in response to the SVB crisis in March). It withdraws liquidity via sales of securities (QT) and reverse repo (RRP) borrowings (mostly from money market funds). Treasury can also reduce liquidity by increasing its TGA account at the Fed — when taxes and net debt issues exceed spending.

Money Market Liquidity

Low corporate bond spreads confirm that credit is readily available in the bond market.

Moody's Baa Corporate Bond Spreads

Coincident economic indicators indicate that the economy is gently slowing, rather than contracting.

Coincident Index

Declining growth in aggregate hours worked suggests that the Fed and Treasury have succeeded in manufacturing a soft landing — despite high interest rates — by providing liquidity support.

Estimated Aggregate Non-Farm Weekly Hours Worked

So far, this has worked but high short-term interest rates are attracting retail investors to money market funds, bypassing the banks.

Retail Money Market Funds

Low bank deposit growth is likely to cause a contraction of bank credit, as in November below, as smaller regional banks struggle to fund credit growth.

Commercial Bank Loans & Leases

More than 20% of banks are tightening credit standards and widening credit spreads. That normally indicates a recession.

Domestic Banks Tightening Credit Standards & Widening Spreads to Small Firms

Conclusion

The Fed and Treasury are providing sufficient liquidity to financial markets to avoid a contraction. Larger borrowers have ready access to credit through the bond market but small to medium-size enterprises — who borrow mainly from regional banks — are likely to find credit difficult to obtain as smaller banks struggle to compete with money market funds for deposits.

The Fed may be forced to cut rates if this continues — to ensure that small- and medium-sized businesses have sufficient access to credit ahead of the November 2024 elections.

Acknowledgements

  • Cross Border Capital @crossbordercap for the Money Markets diagram
  • Wolf Richter for the retail money market fund graph
Colin Twiggs

Colin Twiggs is a former investment banker with almost 40 years of experience in financial markets. He co-founded Incredible Charts and writes the popular Trading Diary and Patient Investor newsletters.

Using a top-down approach, Colin identifies key macro trends in the global economy before evaluating selected opportunities using a combination of fundamental and technical analysis.

Focusing on interest rates and financial market liquidity as primary drivers of the economic cycle, he warned of the 2008/2009 and 2020 bear markets well ahead of actual events.
He founded PVT Capital (AFSL No. 546090) in May 2023, which offers investment strategy and advice to wholesale clients.

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