Construction Spending Archives - the patient investor

October 3, 2019October 3, 2019

The high cost of uncertainty

High levels of uncertainty in international trade, geopolitical outlook, and domestic politics in the USA are likely to have a domino effect on business and consumer confidence.

Business is likely to postpone or curtail new investment decisions. This is already evident in a down-turn in new capital formation, along with GDP growth, in the first half of the calendar year.

New Capital Formation

A similar picture is emerging in construction spending.

Construction/GDP

CEO confidence levels are way down.

A slow-down in business investment in turn impacts on employment, causing a decline in payroll growth and average weekly hours worked.

Non-farm Payroll Growth and Weekly Hours Worked

Which in turn impacts on consumer sentiment as employees’ anticipation of future earnings declines.

Consumer Sentiment

The feedback loop will be completed if consumption falls. Retail sales dipped sharply in late 2018 but are keeping their head above water.

Retail Sales

And purchases of durables, like light motor vehicles, have leveled off but there is no significant decline so far.

Light Vehicle Sales (Units)

New housing starts and building permits even kicked up in August in response to lower interest rates.

Housing Starts

Consumers have, so far, continued spending but a down-turn in the stock market would weigh heavily on sentiment and consumption.

The S&P 500 broke its rising trendline, indicating a correction. Bearish divergence on Twiggs Money Flow warns of secondary selling pressure and a test of support at 2800. Breach of support is by no means certain but would offer a target of 2400.

S&P 500

We have reduced our equity exposure for International Growth to 34% of portfolio value because of our bearish outlook for the global economy.

November 25, 2016

Priming the Pump

US stocks are buoyant on hopes that a Donald Trump presidency will benefit business, with major indexes flagging a bull market. But promises come first, the costs come later. While I support a broad infrastructure program and the creation of a level playing field in global markets, the actual execution of these ideas is critical and should not be allowed to be hijacked by the establishment for their own ends.

Erection of trade barriers is a useful negotiating position but is unlikely to be achieved without enormous damage to the global economy. As long as your trading partners think you are crazy enough to do it, they may be more amenable to establishing fair ground rules for international trade. If they don’t believe the threat, they will be happy to continue on their present path. So Trump walks a fine line between reassuring his allies and the domestic market, while keeping others guessing about his intentions.

Before we get carried away with hopes and expectations, however, we need to evaluate the current state of the economy in order to assess the current potential for growth.

The Cons

Let’s start with the negatives.

Construction spending is slow, at about three-quarters of pre-GFC (and sub-prime) levels. It will take more than an infrastructure program to restore this (though it is a step in the right direction). What is needed is higher growth expectations for the economy.

Construction Spending to GDP

Industrial production is close to its pre-GFC peak but has been declining since 2014.

Industrial Production Index

Job growth is slowing. Decline below 1.0 percent would be cause for concern.

Employment Growth

Rail and freight activity also reflects a slow-down since 2015.

Rail & Freight Index

The Philadelphia Fed’s broad-based Leading Index has also softened since 2014. Decline below 1.0 percent would be cause for concern.

Leading Index

One of my favorite indicators, this graph compares profit margins (per unit of gross value added) to employee costs. There is a clear cycle: employee costs (per unit) fall after a recession while profits rise. As the economy recovers and approaches full capacity, employee costs start to rise and profits fall — which leads to the next recession. At present we can clearly see employee costs are rising and profit margins are falling.

Profits and Employee Costs per unit of Value Added

It will be difficult for corporations to continue to grow earnings in this environment. Business investment is falling.

Gross Private Nonresidential Fixed Investment

Plowing money into stock buybacks rather than into new investment may shore up corporate performance for a while but hurts construction and industrial production. Turning this around is a major challenge facing the new administration.

The Pros

Retail sales are rising as increased employee compensation costs lift consumer confidence. Solid November sales with strong Black Friday numbers would help lift confidence even further.

Retail Sales

Light vehicle sales are also recovering, a key indicator of consumers’ long-term outlook.

Light Vehicle Sales

Rising sales and infrastructure investment are only part of the solution. What Donald Trump needs to do is prime the pump: introduce a fairer tax system, minimize red tape and reduce political interference in the economy, while enforcing strong regulation of the financial sector. Not an easy task, but achieving these goals would help restore business confidence, revive investment, and set the economy on a sound growth path.

In the short run, the market is a voting machine
but in the long run it is a weighing machine.

~ Benjamin Graham: Security Analysis (1934)

October 29, 2015

US: Robust underlying GDP growth trend

GDP rose at an annual rate of 1.5 percent in Q3, according to advance estimate https://t.co/vWMdoOL9TA pic.twitter.com/PFNZ7lXa8D

— St. Louis Fed (@stlouisfed) October 29, 2015

From Elliot Clarke at Westpac:

In assessing the strength and persistence of US growth, it is important to recognise the impact that inventories and net exports continue to have on headline results. Inventories added significantly to growth through the first half of 2015 on rapid inventory accrual; but a more modest pace of stocking in Q3 resulted in a 1.4ppt subtraction from quarterly GDP growth. Similarly, while net exports reduced the annualised Q1 headline outcome by 1.9ppts, it subsequently added modestly to growth in Q2, circa 0.2ppts. If we omit both factors from our assessment (and thereby focus on domestic final demand, DFD), we see a robust, enduring underlying growth trend. Annualised DFD growth in 2015 averages out at 2.7% – or 3.3% if we focus solely on the past six months, when the weather was more favourable.

On the whole, stripping away the impact of inventories and net exports, the past two years have seen a material improvement in the growth trend. This acceleration has primarily been the result of stronger consumption growth, particularly within the services sub-sector and in housing construction. Given the ongoing improvement in the labour market and credit availability as well as robust consumer confidence, this trend should endure into 2016.

Construction spending is the key.

Construction Spending

October 17, 2015

Weak US retail sales belie strong fundamentals

Lucia Mutikani at Reuters writes:

U.S. retail sales barely rose in September and producer prices recorded their biggest decline in eight months, raising further doubts about whether the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates this year. The weak reports on Wednesday were the latest suggestion that the economy was losing momentum in the face of slowing global growth, a strong dollar, an inventory correction and lower oil prices that are hampering capital spending in the energy sector. Job growth braked sharply in the past two months.

Readers of the headline Weak U.S. retail sales, inflation data cloud rate hike outlook could be forgiven for believing the US economy is headed for recession. After all, retail sales growth has slowed to a crawl.

Retail Sales

And the producer price index is declining sharply on the back of lower oil prices.

Producer Price Index

But if we strip out food and energy prices, PPI remains close to the Fed’s 2% inflation target. And low energy prices will eventually feed through as a stimulus to the global economy.

Hourly earnings in the manufacturing sector are starting to grow.

Average Hourly Earnings Growth: Manufacturing and Total Private

Deeper in the Reuters article, we find a more objective view:

“The overall message is that consumer spending has remained extremely strong. If sentiment had indeed shifted, it would be hard to explain why sales of cars, certainly among the more expensive items, jumped in September to their highest level since July 2005,” said Harm Bandholz, chief economist at UniCredit Research in New York.

Light vehicle sales continue their upward trajectory.

Light Vehicle Sales

And construction spending is decidedly bullish.

Construction Spending

Not much here to keep Janet Yellen up at nights. When it comes to rate rises, the sooner we get the economy back on a sound footing the better, I say. Otherwise we encourage further capital misallocation and dependency on Fed stimulus. There are no free lunches from central bankers. Everything comes at a price.

It is always important in matters of high politics to know what you do not know. Those who think they know, but are mistaken, and act upon their mistakes, are the most dangerous people to have in charge.

~ Margaret Thatcher: Statecraft (2002)

October 15, 2015

Weak US retail sales belie strong fundamentals

Lucia Mutikani at Reuters writes:

U.S. retail sales barely rose in September and producer prices recorded their biggest decline in eight months, raising further doubts about whether the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates this year. The weak reports on Wednesday were the latest suggestion that the economy was losing momentum in the face of slowing global growth, a strong dollar, an inventory correction and lower oil prices that are hampering capital spending in the energy sector. Job growth braked sharply in the past two months.

Retail Sales

And the producer price index is declining.

Producer Price Index

But if we strip out food and energy prices, PPI remains close to the Fed’s 2% inflation target. And low energy prices will eventually feed through as a stimulus.

Hourly earnings in the manufacturing sector are starting to grow.

Average Hourly Earnings Growth: Manufacturing and Total Private

“The overall message is that consumer spending has remained extremely strong. If sentiment had indeed shifted, it would be hard to explain why sales of cars, certainly among the more expensive items, jumped in September to their highest level since July 2005,” said Harm Bandholz, chief economist at UniCredit Research in New York.

Light vehicle sales continue their upward trajectory.

Light Vehicle Sales

And construction spending is decidedly bullish.

Construction Spending

October 9, 2015

Bear Rally

North America

Construction activity continues to advance. The graph below shows Total US Construction Spending adjusted for inflation (Core CPI). Spending is substantially below the 2004 to 2007 property bubble but equates to the earlier Dotcom era. The steep rise suggests that rate increases will be necessary to prevent another bubble.

US Construction Spending adjusted by Core CPI

The S&P 500 is testing resistance at 2000. Bullish divergence on 21-day Twiggs Money Flow indicates (medium-term) buying pressure. Recovery above 2000 would signal a relieving rally, with a target (from the double-bottom pattern) of 2130*. The market remains bearish and respect of 2130 would warn of another test of primary support at 1870.

S&P 500 Index

* Target calculation: 2000 + ( 2000 – 1870 ) = 2130

The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) below 20 indicates market risk is easing. We need to remain vigilant for the next few weeks as VIX can be prone to false breaks.

S&P 500 VIX

NYSE short sales are subdued.

Dow Jones Industrial Average is similarly testing resistance at 17000 on the weekly chart. Breakout would offer a similar target of 18300. Recovery of 13-week Twiggs Money Flow above zero indicates buying pressure. Reversal below 16000 is unlikely, but would confirm a primary down-trend.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Canada’s TSX 60 recovered above the former primary support level at 800. Follow-through above 820 would signal a relieving rally. Weak 13-week Twiggs Momentum, below zero, warns the market is still bearish.

TSX 60 Index

* Target calculation: 820 + ( 820 – 750 ) = 890

Europe

Germany’s DAX remains weak, with 13-week Twiggs Money Flow below zero. Recovery above 10500 would indicate a bear rally. Only follow-through above 11000 would signal that the down-trend is over.

DAX

The Footsie proved more resilient, respecting support at 6000 with 13-week Twiggs Money Flow holding above zero. Breakout above 6300 indicates a relieving rally, while follow-through above the descending trendline would suggest that the correction is over. Reversal below 6000 is unlikely, but would confirm the primary down-trend.

FTSE 100

Asia

The Shanghai Composite Index continues to test government-enforced support at 3000. Recovery above 3500 is most unlikely.

Dow Jones Shanghai Index

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index rallied to test resistance at 22500, while 13-week Twiggs Money Flow recovered above zero. Follow-through above 22500 would indicate another test of 24000. But this remains a bear market and reversal below 22500 would warn of another decline.

Hang Seng Index

Japan’s Nikkei 225 respected primary support at 17000. Gradual decline on 13-week Twiggs Money Flow suggests a secondary correction. Recovery above 19000 would indicate another test of 21000.

Nikkei 225 Index

* Target calculation: 19000 + ( 19000 – 17000 ) = 21000

India’s Sensex followed through above resistance at 26500, indicating a bear rally. Strong buying pressure, signaled by a 13-week Twiggs Money Flow trough above zero, suggests a reversal. Breakout above 28500 would confirm. Reversal below 25000 is unlikely, but would confirm a primary down-trend.

SENSEX

Australia

A monthly chart of the ASX 200 shows the significance of the 5000 support level.

ASX 200 monthly

Rising 21-Day Twiggs Money Flow on the daily chart indicates medium-term buying pressure. Breakout above 5300 would offer a target of 5700. But expect stiff resistance between 5200 and 5300 — already flagged by a tall shadow on today’s candlestick. Breach of 5000 is unlikely at present, but would confirm a primary down-trend.

ASX 200

* Target calculation: 5000 – ( 5400 – 5000 ) = 4600

More….

Crude: Another bear rally

Gold down-trend continues

Sen. John McCain on Russia’s airstrikes in Syria

Paddleboarding with whales

Deleveragings go on for about 15 years. The process of raising debt relative to incomes goes on for 30 or 40 years, typically. There’s a last big surge, which we had in the two years from 2005 to 2007 and from 1927 to 1929, and in Japan from 1988 to 1990, when the pace becomes manic. That’s the classic bubble. And then it takes about 15 years to adjust.

~ Ray Dalio, Bridgewater Associates

September 14, 2015

Not much wrong with the US economy

Profit margins in the US are contracting, with the second quarter showing a 6.0% decine in profit per unit of real gross value added (Nonfinancial). Contraction of greater than 10% would be cause for concern, but we need to dig a little deeper.

Earnings per share for the S&P 500 Index declined for the last two quarters and is projected to decline for the next two quarters as well (Q2 which is 98.6% complete and Q3 2015).

The sharp fall in index earnings is primarily caused by losses in the Energy sector. Other sectors are reasonably healthy.

Another cause for concern is bellwether transport stock Fedex. Commencement of a primary down-trend normally warns that economic activity is contracting. Freight revenue for the fiscal fourth quarter increased by only 1%, while ground revenue increased by 19%. Slower earnings growth due to a lag in fuel surcharges and integration challenges with the acquisition of TNT may both be weighing on the stock.

The Freight Transportation Services Index, however, has turned upwards.

And the LoDI Index continues to climb.

The LoDI Index uses linear regression analysis to combine cargo volume data from rail, barge, air, and truck transit, along with various economic factors. The resulting indicator is designed to predict upcoming changes in the level of logistics and distribution activity in the US and is represented by a value between 1 and 100. An index at or above 50 represents a healthy level of activity in the industry.

Spending on durables remains promising, with light motor vehicle sales rising.

And construction spending (adjusted for core CPI) climbing steeply.

The ISM Manufacturing PMI Composite Index remains above 50, indicating expansion, but is softer than it has been for a while.

The Leading Index from the Philadelphia Fed, however, at a healthy 1.57%, continues to project a healthy economic outlook.

Despite the falling Fedex stock price and softer PMI, there does not appear to be much wrong with the US economy. The positives outweigh the negatives. Analysts’ optimism about an fourth quarter upturn may be a little premature, but does not appear far off-track.

August 18, 2015

Falling retail sales and freight activity: Cause for concern?

The rally in bellwether transport stock Fedex was short-lived and it is once again testing primary support at $164. Declining 13-week Twiggs Momentum, below zero, warns of a primary down-trend. Breach of support would confirm, suggesting a broad slow-down in US economic activity.

Fedex

The Freight Transportation Services Index reinforces this, declining since late 2014.

Freight Transportation Services Index

But the LoDI Index contradicts, continuing its climb.

LoDI Index

The LoDI Index uses linear regression analysis to combine cargo volume data from rail, barge, air, and truck transit, along with various economic factors. The resulting indicator is designed to predict upcoming changes in the level of logistics and distribution activity in the US and is represented by a value between 1 and 100. An index at or above 50 represents a healthy level of activity in the industry.

Growth in retail trade (excluding Motor Vehicles, Gasoline and Spares) also declined for the last two quarters but remains above core CPI.

Retail Trade ex-Gasoline, Motor Vehicles and Spares

On a positive note, however, light motor vehicle sales are climbing.

Light Motor Vehicle Sales

New housing starts are edging upwards while building permits jumped sharply, indicating further increases.

Housing Starts and Building Permits

And overall construction spending is steadily rising.

Construction Spending

Solid rises in spending on durables suggests further employment growth. This makes me reasonably confident that retail sales and freight/transport activity will recover. All the same, it would pay to keep a weather eye on Fedex and the transport indices.

August 17, 2015

Falling retail sales and freight activity: Cause for concern?

Fedex

The Freight Transportation Services Index reinforces this, declining since late 2014.

Freight Transportation Services Index

But the LoDI Index contradicts, continuing its climb.

LoDI Index

The LoDI Index uses linear regression analysis to combine cargo volume data from rail, barge, air, and truck transit, along with various economic factors. The resulting indicator is designed to predict upcoming changes in the level of logistics and distribution activity in the US and is represented by a value between 1 and 100. An index at or above 50 represents a healthy level of activity in the industry.

Growth in retail trade (excluding Motor Vehicles, Gasoline and Spares) also declined for the last two quarters but remains above core CPI.

Retail Trade ex-Gasoline, Motor Vehicles and Spares

On a positive note, however, light motor vehicle sales are climbing.

Light Motor Vehicle Sales

New building permits for private housing retreated in July but the trend remains upwards and new housing starts are increasing.

Housing Starts and Building Permits

Overall construction spending is also rising.

Construction Spending

Solid growth in spending on durables suggests further employment increases. This makes me reasonably confident that retail sales and freight/transport activity will recover. All the same, it would pay to keep a weather eye on Fedex and the transport indices.

[August 19th – This post was updated for Fedex and today’s release on Housing Permits and New Building Starts]