Resist the urge to avoid discomfort

Momentum stocks have suffered a fair degree of turbulence since April, after a strong first quarter. Investors unfortunately have to endure periods like this, when the market appears hesitant or lacks direction, in much the same the same way as travelers can expect turbulence during an air flight. It is important is to resist the urge to avoid discomfort by exiting positions. Enduring uncomfortable parts of the journey are necessary if you want to reach your intended destination. Our research on both the ASX and S&P 500 has shown that attempting to time secondary movements in the markets does not enhance but erodes performance: the average (re-)entry price is higher than the average exit price after accounting for brokerage.

A basic rule of thumb in investing is that investors need to endure higher volatility in order to achieve higher returns. If your investment time frame is long-term, it is important to focus on the end result and not be overly concerned by weekly fluctuations.

May 8, 2014

Is the market overpriced? Episode III

US markets look pricey when we compare market capitalization to GDP. Why is the market ignoring this?

The S&P 500 is trading on a reasonable forward Price-Earnings Ratio (PE) of 15.17, but this forecasts a 23% jump in earnings over the next 12 months. Current as reported PE of 18.64 also assumes strong earnings growth.

S&P 500

Margins are growing:
S&P 500

But sales growth close to zero warns that earnings may falter:
S&P 500

Book value is surprisingly growing faster than sales, suggesting that corporations are hoarding assets rather than distributing profits to shareholders:
S&P 500

Causing asset turnover (sales/book value) to fall:
S&P 500

Which is why the valuation metric of Price to Book Value remains within reasonable bounds:
S&P 500

If management are unable to improve asset turnover — through improved sales or new investment — stockholders will start clamoring for higher distributions. Which may be one reason for high stock prices.

The second reason is that, with interest rates, tax rates and real wages at historic lows, corporations are likely to make fat profits over the next few years and stocks remain reasonably buoyant. But at least one of these factors can be expected to change in the next decade: recovery of the housing market would cause the Fed to lift interest rates; a revision of the tax code by a President who can work with both sides of the House; or a dramatic fall in exchange rates placing upward pressure on (real) wages as manufacturers regain export markets. The impact of any change will depend on how well the economy has recovered.

I will be watching sales growth, profit margins and asset turnover with interest over the next few quarters to see how this plays out.

March 27, 2014

Is the S&P 500 overvalued?

The daily press appears convinced the S&P 500 is overvalued and due for a crash. Yet the macro-economic and volatility filters that we use at Porter Capital and Research & Investment — to identify market risk so that we can move to cash when risks are elevated — show no signs of stress. So I have been delving into some of the aggregate index data, kindly provided by Standard and Poors, to see whether some of their arguments hold water.

The Price-Earnings ratio for the S&P 500 itself is not excessive when compared to the last decade.

The bears argue, however, that earnings are unsustainable. One reason advanced for this is that earnings growth has outstripped sales, with corporations focusing on the bottom line rather than business growth.

Faced with weak domestic demand, large US corporates have actively sought to manage their expenses so as to meet and exceed the market’s expectations. Combined with the unwinding of provisions taken in the GFC, cost management has allowed US corporates to achieve a 124% increase in 12-month trailing earnings off the back of a 25% increase in 12-month trailing sales since October 2009.
~ Elliott Clarke, Westpac

That may be so, but any profit increase would look massive if compared to earnings in 2009. When we plot earnings against sales (per share), it tells a different story. Earnings as a percentage of sales is in the same band (7% – 9%) as 2003 to 2006. A rise above 9% would suggest that earnings may not be sustainable, but not if they continue in their current range.

The second reason advanced is that business investment is falling. Westpac put up a chart that shows US equipment investment growth is close to zero. But we also need to consider that accelerated tax write-offs led to a surge in investment in 2009/2010. The accelerated write-offs expired, but the level of investment merely stopped growing and has not fallen as I had expected.

Private (non-residential) fixed investment as a whole is rising as a percentage of GDP, not falling.

Lastly, when we compare the S&P 500 to underlying net asset value per share, it shows how frothy the market was before the Dotcom crash, with the index trading at 5 times book value. That kind of premium is clearly unsustainable without double-digit GDP growth, which was never going to happen. But the current ratio of below 2.50 is modest compared to the past decade and quite sustainable.

I am not saying that everything is rosy — it never is — but if sales and earnings continue to grow apace, and with private fixed investment rising, the current price-earnings ratio does not look excessive.

February 19, 2014

The key to success is focus: Clean the slate [video]

Rob Booker discusses the importance of focusing on what really works [at 3:30]

January 29, 2014

How I Can Explain 96% Of Your Portfolio’s Returns | Kiran Pande

Great article from Kiran Pande:

Since the 1960s, we’ve been dependent on a model called CAPM (capital asset pricing model) to understand the relationship between risk and return, despite the fact that its measure of risk only explains about 70% of return. This measure, beta, makes the assumption that the entirety of every stock’s return is due to its exposure to the market. Put simply, every stock’s returns will equal a factor of the S&P 500’s returns. Thus, if a stock’s beta is 2.0, it will double the S&P 500’s returns on a bull day and double its losses on a bear day. Obviously, this assumption is wrong almost every day, but the idea is that this factor is explaining most of a stock’s returns.

All returns not explained by beta in the CAPM model are called alpha. This is traditionally accepted as the level of skill and value added by a portfolio’s manager……

There is a whole laundry list of reasons not to use CAPM, beta, and alpha but here are some highlights…

70% is not 100%, not even close

Beta is symmetrical, risk is not… downside risk is rarely the same as upside risk.

Since the market index used to calculate beta (usually the S&P 500) contains stocks whose returns are supposedly dependent upon beta, these stocks’ returns are somewhat dependent upon themselves.

These counterpoints do not render beta, alpha, and CAPM useless, but we can do much better. The Fama-French Three Factor model is the answer. Rather than a single factor (market performance), the model throws a size factor and a value factor into the mix, replacing much of the nebulous alpha term. With the addition of these factors, Fama and French boast that their model explains as much as 96% of returns with quantifiable measures.

November 22, 2013

S&P 500 Momentum and Economic Outlook

This an example of the monthly updates from the new Research & Investment joint venture between Incredible Charts and Porter Capital.

S&P 500 Momentum – October 2013

Latest Performance

S&P 500 Momentum is based on Porter Capital’s successful ASX200 Prime Momentum strategy which returned +38.43% for the 12 months ended 31st October 2013. Actual historical performance for the S&P 500 is not yet available.

Sectors

The portfolio includes the usual technology, Internet retail and biotechnology sectors but also insurance, airlines, and oil & gas exploration.

Stock Performance

Star performer Netflix (NFLX) climbed from $80 to above $350 over the last year, breaking its 2011 high of $300. Twiggs Money Flow troughs above zero indicate strong buying pressure.

GILD

Stock Selections

Hold

We continue to hold the following stocks:

NFLX

New Additions

There are four new additions this month:

GILD

Biotech newcomer Gilead Sciences (GILD) climbed from $20 to above $70 over the last three years. Short corrections indicate buying pressure and respect of support at $64 would signal a fresh advance. Twiggs Money Flow troughs high above zero also suggest strong buying pressure.

GILD

Disposals

Stocks replaced are:

REGN (SELL)
BSX (SELL)
GT (SELL)
CELG (SELL)

Regneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN) rose from $30 to $300 over the last three years, but encountered strong resistance at $300/$320 and has fallen outside our top ten ranking. Breach of support at $270 and the rising trendline would warn that the primary trend is weakening. Recovery above $320, however, would most likely see it regain its position in the portfolio.

TRIP

Market Outlook

Market Filters

Our market filters indicate low to moderate risk and we maintain full exposure to equities.

General Outlook

As global growth recovers we expect equity markets to be buoyed by improvements in both earnings and dividends, with strong momentum over the quarter. There is much discussion in the media as to whether various markets are in a “bubble”. Little attention is devoted to the fact that bubbles can last for several years, and sometimes even decades. The main driver of both stock market bubbles and real estate bubbles is debt. Anna Schwartz, co-author with Milton Friedman of A Monetary History of the United States (1963) described the relationship to the Wall Street Journal:

If you investigate individually the manias that the market has so dubbed over the years, in every case, it was expansive monetary policy that generated the boom in an asset. The particular asset varied from one boom to another. But the basic underlying propagator was too-easy monetary policy and too-low interest rates …..

Currently, there is evidence of expansive monetary policy from the Fed, but the overall impact on the financial markets is muted. Most of the QE bond purchases are being parked by banks in interest-bearing, excess reserve deposits at the Fed. The chart below compares Fed balance sheet expansion (QE) to the increase in excess reserve deposits at the Fed.

US Household Debt

A classic placebo effect, the Fed is well aware that the major benefit of their quantitative easing program is psychological: there is little monetary impact on the markets.

Corporate debt (green line below) is expanding rapidly as corporations take advantage of the opportunity to issue new debt at low interest rates, but household debt (red) is still shrinking.

US Household Debt

There are pockets of concern, like the rapid recovery in NYSE margin debt, but risk of a Dotcom-style stock market bubble or a 2002/2007 housing bubble is low while household debt contracts.

Regards,

Colin Twiggs

Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we have acted rightly. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.

~ Aristotle

Disclaimer

Research & Investment Pty Ltd is a Corporate Authorized Representative (AR Number 384 397) of Andika Pty Ltd which holds an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL 297069).

The information on this web site and in the newsletters is general in nature and does not consider your personal circumstances. Please contact your professional financial adviser for advice tailored to your needs.

Research & Investment Pty Ltd (“R&I”) has made every effort to ensure the reliability of the views and recommendations expressed in the reports published on its websites and newsletters. Our research is based upon information known to us or which was obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and accurate.

No guarantee as to the capital value of investments, nor future returns are made by R&I. Neither R&I nor its employees make any representation, warranty or guarantee that the information provided is complete, accurate, current or reliable.

You are under no obligation to use these services and should always compare financial services/products to find one which best meets your personal objectives, financial situation or needs.

To the extent permitted by law, R&I and its employees, agents and authorized representatives exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on, any information. If the law prohibits the exclusion of such liability, such liability shall be limited, to the extent permitted by law, to the resupply of the said information or the cost of the said resupply.

Important Warning About Simulated Results

Research & Investment (R&I) specialize in developing, testing and researching investment strategies and systems. Within the R&I web site and newsletters, you will find information about investment strategies and their performance. It is important that you understand that results from R&I research are simulated and not actual results.

No representation is made that any investor will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those shown.

Simulated performance results are generally prepared with the benefit of hindsight and do not involve financial risk. No modelling can completely account for the impact of financial risk in actual investment. Account size, brokerage and slippage may also diverge from simulated results. Numerous other factors related to the markets in general or to the implementation of any specific investment system cannot be fully accounted for in the preparation of simulated performance results and may adversely affect actual investment results.

To the extent permitted by law, R&I and its employees, agents and authorized representatives exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on, any information offered by R&I whether or not caused by any negligent act or omission.

November 16, 2013

The coach who never punts [video]

Coach Kevin Kelley would make a great share trader/momentum investor. He questions the accepted norms, analyzes the data and plays the percentages, instead of following the herd.

Coach Kevin Kelley of Pulaski Academy in Little Rock, Arkansas, instructs his players to never punt, never field punts, and only do onside kicks, and he claims that math backs up his innovative philosophy. Grantland spent some time with Kelley and his players to learn more about the coach behind the team that once scored 29 points before its opponent touched the ball.

Hat tip to Barry Ritholz

November 16, 2013

What’s New: Twiggs Momentum research results

Further to my recent part-acquisition of Porter Capital Management, I would like to share with you our progress in developing new investment strategies.

Quarterly Performance

Firstly, Porter Capital’s ASX200 Prime Momentum strategy achieved a 38.43% gain for the 12 months ended 31st October 2013, out-stripping the total-return index by 12.95% (performance is measured after brokerage costs but before fees and taxes which vary according to portfolio size and commencement date).

Twiggs Momentum

We have also completed testing of strategies using Twiggs Momentum to identify top-performing stocks. Twiggs Momentum is a specialized momentum indicator developed by me and used extensively in my Trading Diary. Test results way exceeded our expectations.

Market Filters

Just as important, we have expanded our use of macroeconomic and volatility filters to help preserve capital during sustained bear markets.

I have long been opposed to mechanical trading/investment systems on the grounds that no one system is suited to all market conditions. To overcome this, Dr Bruce Vanstone and I developed a new approach employing filters to identify when market risk is elevated, so the portfolio can be moved to cash and/or government bonds.

S&P 500

Historical simulation of $100,000 invested in S&P 500 stocks since January 1996 using our Twiggs Momentum strategy returned an average of 24.89% p.a. Dark green areas represent the move to cash when market risk is elevated. The blue line represents the benchmark S&P 500 index.

Click on images to enlarge.

ASX 200

Historical simulation of $100,000 invested in ASX 200 stocks since January 2000 using Twiggs Momentum strategy returned an average of 23.77% p.a. Dark green areas represent the move to cash when market risk is elevated. The blue line represents the benchmark ASX 200 Accumulation Index.

Click on images to enlarge.

The Momentum Effect

Since its initial discovery by DeBondt & Thaler in 1985, the momentum effect has been documented and researched in many markets worldwide: stocks which have outperformed in the recent past tend to continue to perform strongly.

Investment Research & Systems

All strategies are developed and rigorously tested by Dr Bruce Vanstone, head of investment research, and myself to ensure their suitability for local market conditions. And all systems are rule-based to ensure decision-making is disciplined, unemotional and objective.

Porter Capital

Porter Capital manage funds for high net worth investors and independent financial advisers. We currently manage funds in individual accounts across two adviser platforms, Hub 24 and Mason Stevens, offering investors five key benefits:

Beneficial ownership of your underlying investments;
Online access (24×7) to your portfolio;
Comprehensive tax reporting;
Brokerage at wholesale rates; and
Portfolio and risk management by a team of market specialists.

Momentum is an active strategy suitable for lower tax vehicles such as self-managed or self-directed superannuation, pension or retirement funds. The strategy complements and diversifies other equity strategies, smoothing overall portfolio returns. Within this context, the ASX200 Prime Momentum strategy enhances Core and Satellite equity exposure where the objective is diversification of style and strategy.

A Word of Caution

Results that look too good to be true, normally are. No market filter can provide 100% protection against market down-turns, and simulations carried out on data history are no guarantee of future performance. Diversification, across markets and strategies, is important to spread risk, but you must consider your overall risk profile. Please consult your financial adviser for advice tailored to your specific needs.

We will be visiting major cities in Australia in the next few months and look forward to updating readers on our latest research and performance. For more details, visit our website at Porter Capital Management.

If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always gotten.

~ Tony Robbins

Disclaimer

Porter Capital Management Pty Ltd is a Corporate Authorized Representative (AR Number 300245) of Andika Pty Ltd which holds an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL 297069).

Porter Capital Management (PCM) has made every effort to ensure the reliability of the views and recommendations expressed in the reports published in this newsletter and on its websites. Our research is based upon information known to us or which was obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and accurate.

No guarantee as to the capital value of investments, nor future returns are made by PCM. Neither PCM nor its employees make any representation, warranty or guarantee that the information provided is complete, accurate, current or reliable.

You are under no obligation to use these services and should always compare financial services/products to find one which best meets your personal objectives, financial situation or needs.

The information in this newsletter and on this web site is general in nature and does not consider your personal circumstances. Please contact us or your professional financial adviser for advice tailored to your needs.

To the extent permitted by law, PCM and its employees, agents and authorised representatives exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on, any information. If the law prohibits the exclusion of such liability, such liability shall be limited, to the extent permitted by law, to the resupply of the said information or the cost of the said resupply.

Important Warning About Simulated Results

Porter Capital Management (PCM) specialise in developing, testing and researching investment strategies and systems. Within this newsletter and the PCM Web site, you will find information about investment strategies and their performance. It is important that you understand that results from PCM research are simulated and not actual results.

No representation is made that any investor will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those shown.

To the extent permitted by law, PCM and its employees, agents and authorised representatives exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on, any information offered by PCM whether or not caused by any negligent act or omission.

October 27, 2013

Saving Investors From Themselves | WSJ

Jason Zweig, in his 250th Intelligent Investor column for The Wall Street Journal, writes:

From financial history and from my own experience, I long ago concluded that regression to the mean is the most powerful law in financial physics: Periods of above-average performance are inevitably followed by below-average returns, and bad times inevitably set the stage for surprisingly good performance…….My role, therefore, is to bet on regression to the mean even as most investors, and financial journalists, are betting against it. I try to talk readers out of chasing whatever is hot and, instead, to think about investing in what is not hot. Instead of pandering to investors’ own worst tendencies, I try to push back. My role is also to remind them constantly that knowing what not to do is much more important than what to do. Approximately 99% of the time, the single most important thing investors should do is absolutely nothing.

While I agree with Jason that investors are often their own worst enemy, I would hesitate to advise anyone to invest in under-performing stocks (anticipating reversion to the mean) or to adopt a buy-and-hold strategy. Our research shows that investing in top-performing stocks (buying momentum) delivers significant outperformance over a buy-and-hold strategy in the long-term.

The risk to momentum investing is not of reversion to the mean, but of significant draw-downs when there is a broad market down-turn. Most stocks fall in a bear market, but top-performing (momentum) stocks tend to fall further. Value stocks are also likely to fall during a market down-turn and the best defense is often to move to cash or counter-cyclical investments such as bonds.

The difficulty is to identify these broad market swings with enough certainty to confidently switch your investment allocation. Common mistakes are to continually jump in and out of the market at the slightest hint of bad news, leading to expensive whipsaws, or to get caught up in the intoxicating sentiment of a bull market, blinding you to warning signs of a reversal.

I believe investors should allocate half their time to deciding what stocks to buy/sell and the other half to identifying when to be in/out of the market. Too often I see them focusing on one half while neglecting the other — usually with disastrous consequences.

October 1, 2013

15 Biases That Make You Do Dumb Things With Your Money

You are your own worst enemy.

Those are the six most important words in investing. Shady financial advisors and incompetent CEOs don’t harm your returns a fraction of the amount your own behavior does.

Here are 15 cognitive biases that cause people to do dumb things with their money: 15 Biases That Make You Do Dumb Things With Your Money | Morgan Housel | Motley Fool. Hat tip to Barry Ritholz.

My favorite:

14. Restraint bias
Overestimating your ability to control impulses. Studies show smokers in the process of quitting overestimate their ability to say no to a cigarette when tempted. Investors do the same when thinking about the temptation to do something stupid during market bubbles and busts. Most investors I know consider themselves contrarians who want to buy when there’s blood in the streets. But when the blood arrives, they panic just like everyone else.