Francesco Guerrera: A simple solution is staring the likes of Deutsche Bank AG, BNP Paribas SA and Banco Santander in the face: large, decisive, increases in capital through equity sales that would allay investor concerns and boost balance sheets. With the year-end results almost all out of the way, banks should start raising capital soon. The experience of the U.S. financial crisis shows that in stressed times capital infusions can cure or mask many ills and buy valuable time to restructure businesses.
Westpac: RBA Statement on Monetary Policy
It appears that the objective of this Statement is to emphasise that without a significant deterioration in global financial conditions policy should remain unchanged. When you assess the various pieces of the Bank’s description of the domestic economy – weak employment; rising unemployment rate; subdued retail spending; soft housing market; below trend growth outside mining; scaling back of public investment; building construction subdued; inflation to remain around the mid-point of the target range; policy at neutral, not stimulatory – we see a fairly clear case for policy to move into the stimulatory zone immediately. Of course our forecasts as contrasted with the Bank’s forecasts clearly suggest that the qualitative descriptions provided in this statement are understating the need for a policy response.
It has been and remains our view that a further 50bps in policy easing can be justified immediately although our forecast is that this adjustment is likely to occur over a three to four month period. We find the use of the requirement that demand conditions need to weaken materially before a rate cut can be delivered overly conservative and expect that the Bank’s policy will change more rapidly than we assess is their current intention.
Consequently at this stage we maintain our view that the next rate cut in this cycle can be expected in March to be followed by a move in May but recognise that we are currently dealing with a central bank that while acknowledging all the reasons policy needs to be stimulatory appears to have no immediate intention to move.
Bill Evans
Chief Economist
New Economic Perspectives: Banks Weren’t Meant to Be Like This. What Will their Future Be – and What is the Government’s Proper Financial Role?
So we are brought back to the question of what the proper role of banks should be. This issue was discussed exhaustively prior to World War I………
It was above all in Germany that long-term financing found its expression in the Reichsbank and other large industrial banks as part of the “holy trinity” of banking, industry and government planning under Bismarck’s “state socialism.” German banks made a virtue of necessity. British banks “derived the greater part of their funds from the depositors,” and steered these savings and business deposits into mercantile trade financing. This forced domestic firms to finance most new investment out of their own earnings. By contrast, Germany’s “lack of capital … forced industry to turn to the banks for assistance,” noted the financial historian George Edwards. “A considerable proportion of the funds of the German banks came not from the deposits of customers but from the capital subscribed by the proprietors themselves.[3] As a result, German banks “stressed investment operations and were formed not so much for receiving deposits and granting loans but rather for supplying the investment requirements of industry.”
Comment:~ The author contrasts the short-term focus of modern banks with the long-term outlook of the early German banking system which was largely equity-funded, rather than deposit-based. The question is: could we ever successfully return to such a system?
Bill Moyers: How power and influence helped big banks rewrite the rules of our economy
Bill Moyers talks with former Citigroup Chairman John Reed and former Senator Byron Dorgan to explore a momentous instance: how the mid-90’s merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group — with help from Alan Greenspan, Robert Rubin and Bill Clinton — brought down the Glass-Steagall Act and sowed the seeds of the GFC.
Living In A QE World | Jim Bianco
Central banks are ruling markets to a degree this generation has not seen. Collectively they are printing money to a degree never seen in human history.
So how does this process get reversed? How do central banks pull back trillions of dollars of money printing without throwing markets into a tailspin? Frankly, no one knows, least of all central banks as they continue to make new money printing records.
…..When/If these central banks go too far, as was eventually the case with home prices, expanding balance sheets will no longer be looked upon in a positive light. Instead they will be viewed in the same light as CDOs backed by sub-prime mortgages were when home prices were falling. The heads of these central banks will no longer be put on a pedestal but looked upon as eight Alan Greenspans that caused a financial crisis.
The winners and losers of QE3 – macrobusiness.com.au
The Committee will regularly review the size and composition of its securities holdings and is prepared to adjust those holdings as appropriate to promote a stronger economic recovery in a context of price stability.
That’s a clear declaration of intended QE3 if conditions are met. The two conditions are price stability and inadequate employment growth. Price stability now has a number with the Fed also announcing a new inflation target of 2%. Anything under that number potentially triggers QE3.
via The winners and losers of QE3 – macrobusiness.com.au | macrobusiness.com.au.
King Says BOE Ready to Act – WSJ.com
[BOE Governor Mervyn King] kept the door open for more stimulus in his speech Tuesday. “With inflation falling back and wage growth subdued, there is scope for interest rates to remain low and, if necessary, for further asset purchases, to prevent inflation falling below the 2% target,” he said. The annual rate of inflation in the U.K. dipped to 4.2% in December from 4.8% a month earlier, and is expected to slow sharply this year.
Banks Point to a Pickup in Lending – WSJ.com
At Citi, retail-banking loans rose 15% from a year ago to $133 billion, as the New York bank lent more to individuals and local businesses. At San Francisco-based Wells, commercial and industrial loans rose 11% from a year earlier to $167 billion at Dec. 31, amid what Chief Financial Officer Tim Sloan called broad-based growth.
All told, loans outstanding at the companies and J.P. Morgan rose by $41 billion from a year ago in the fourth quarter, to $2.14 trillion. That’s the first increase for the three giant lenders since 2008…
via Banks Point to a Pickup in Lending – WSJ.com.
Comment: ~ Private sector deleveraging is slowing and new capital investment improving, but this may prove a temporary respite as purchases were brought forward to take advantage of accelerated tax depreciation in 2011. The 100% write-off of new capital investment (in the year of purchase) will expire in 2012 if not extended by Congress.
Nouriel Roubini’s Global EconoMonitor » The Straits of America
Given the bearish outlook for US economic growth, the Fed can be expected to engage in another round of quantitative easing. But the Fed also faces political constraints, and will do too little, and move too late, to help the economy significantly. Moreover, a vocal minority on the Fed’s rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee is against further easing. In any case, monetary policy cannot address only liquidity problems – and banks are flush with excess reserves.
Most importantly, the US – and many other advanced economies – remains in the early stages of a deleveraging cycle. A recession caused by too much debt and leverage (first in the private sector, and then on public balance sheets) will require a long period of spending less and saving more. This year will be no different, as public-sector deleveraging has barely started.
via EconoMonitor : Nouriel Roubini’s Global EconoMonitor » The Straits of America.
Greg Mankiw’s Blog: The Liquidity Trap may soon be over
About a decade ago….. I estimated the following simple formula for setting the federal funds rate:
Federal funds rate = 8.5 + 1.4 Core inflation – Unemployment
….Eddy Elfenbein has recently replotted this equation. Here it is:
via Greg Mankiw’s Blog: The Liquidity Trap may soon be over.