Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)

Crude oil futures are being manipulated by White House spin about an imminent “peace deal” whenever Brent reaches $100 per barrel.

Brent Crude Futures (ICE October'26)

However, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is declining at a rate of 1 million barrels/day as the government draws from the reserves to offset the shortage.

EIA Strategic Petroleum reserve (SPR)

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

4 Key Takeaways for the Week

Key Points

  • Long-term Treasury yields climbed after the Fed kept rates unchanged.
  • The Japanese Yen is weakening as the Bank of Japan slow walks rate hikes.
  • Gold absorbs selling pressure as long-term rates rise.
  • China’s economy is slowing.

Treasury Market

The bond market has been anticipating a rate hike. This has been signaled since the 2-year Treasury yield broke above the Fed funds target range in March 2026.

2-Year Treasury Yield & Fed Funds Target (Upper Limit)

The FOMC voted to keep the Fed funds rate unchanged, with a target range of 3.5% to 3.75%. There were 3 dissenting votes, calling for a rate hike. The new Fed Chair, Kevin Warsh, is encouraging opposing views, and we can expect more dissent in the future. Warsh has also avoided forward guidance, which is likely to increase volatility in the bond market and consequently the term premium.

10-year Treasury yields climbed to 4.745% on Friday, reflecting market concern that the FOMC is not taking a more hawkish stance on inflation.

10-Year Treasury Yield

GDP grew at 6.5% over the 12 months to June, suggesting that the 10-year yield needs to rise by at least 175 basis points if the Fed is serious about containing inflation. Long-term interest rates below nominal GDP growth (the rate of return on new capital investment) encourage rapid credit growth, with demand expanding faster than output.

10-Year Treasury Yield & Nominal GDP Growth

Japan & the Sovereign Bond Market

Japan’s GDP grew by 3.6% over the 12 months to March 2026. The 10-year JGB yield is 2.8%, indicating that monetary policy remains stimulative, but less so than the US.

10-Year Treasury Yield & Nominal GDP Growth

The Bank of Japan kept its policy rate at 1.0% at last week’s meeting despite an upturn in CPI to 1.7%. The weakening Yen drives higher inflation.

Japanese CPI Inflation

The low BOJ policy rate and ongoing bond purchases aimed at suppressing long-term JGB yields undermine the currency. The Yen has steadily weakened, breaking above 160 against the Dollar in June 2026 to reach its highest level in 39 years. Japan’s Ministry of Finance intervened on Thursday to support the Yen, driving the exchange rate to 157 against the Dollar. However, the effect of these MoF interventions is short-lived because of BoJ policy.

Japanese Yen

Rising long-term yields in sovereign bond markets reflect growing concern over sovereign debt levels and the risk of fiscal dominance. When central bank policy is dominated by government bond markets’ need for support, with lower interest rates prioritized above containing inflation, the currency’s purchasing power is eroded, as in Japan.

The US 30-year Treasury yield has climbed to 5.275%, reflecting concerns over currency debasement.

30-Year Treasury Yield

The Japanese JGB yield is lower at 3.98%, but this reflects sizable ongoing QE by the Bank of Japan aimed at suppressing long-term rates.

30-Year JGB Yield

The Bank of Japan has higher debt levels relative to GDP than the UK and should theoretically trade at a higher yield. The difference in the 30-year Gilt yield lies in central bank monetary policy: the Bank of England is steadily shrinking its balance sheet, while the BoJ is actively buying JGBs in the secondary market to suppress yields.

30-Year UK Gilts Yield

Dollar & Gold

Rising short-term yields are strengthening the Dollar, with the 1-Year Treasury yield gaining more than 50 basis points in the last 6 months.

1-Year Treasury Yield (CNBC)

Gold has softened considerably from its peak of $5,500 per ounce and has been testing primary support at $4,000 over the past 8 weeks.

Spot Gold

Gold ETF inflows slowed in the first half of 2026 but remained positive, driven by continued inflows into Asian funds. North America experienced an outflow of $7.7 billion, European inflows slowed to $3.2 billion, while Asia recorded a strong inflow of $12 billion.

Gold ETF Flows

Average daily trading volumes surged to a record $488 billion in the first half of 2026.

Gold Average Daily Trading Volumes

OTC trading, led by the LBMA, averaged US$249bn/day, substantially above 2025 levels and underscoring the depth of institutional participation. Exchange-traded volumes also jumped, reaching US$227bn/day – 22% higher than the 2025 average – supported by elevated investor activity. Meanwhile, global Gold ETF trading averaged US$12bn/day – up 73% from 2025 – fueled primarily by robust trading in US funds as investors increasingly turned to Gold amid heightened macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty.

Comex futures net longs increased to 538 tonnes, up 16% since May, and the highest month-end level since January despite a weakening gold price. A closer look shows retail participation (non-reportable net longs declined in June, while other reportables, which capture large trades outside the managed money category, were up 16% from May. Managed money net longs remained broadly stable, declining by just 43 tonnes year-to-date. Again, H1 investor behavior differed: retail positioning largely tracked short-term price movements while larger traders’ positions have, in general, stayed stable since mid-March. (WGC)

Comex contracts standing for delivery jumped to 13,123 in July from 8,838 in May, and a 9.0% increase over July last year.

Spot Gold

China

The Chinese NBS Manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2 in July, down sharply from 50.3 in June. Values below 50 indicate a contraction in the manufacturing sector.

China: NBS Manufacturing PMI

The OECD Composite Leading Indicator for China fell to 98.6 in June, below its long-term average of 100, signaling a contraction.

OECD: China Composite Leading Indicator

The RBA’s activity indicators for China show industrial production is holding up, boosted by record exports. However, real retail sales growth has stalled, while fixed asset investment has contracted sharply following Trump’s tariff blitz last year.

OECD: China Activity Indicators

Household credit growth (purple below) has also stalled. Business credit has taken up the slack, but government credit growth is also contracting.

OECD: China Total Social Financing

Conclusion

10-year US Treasury yields jumped to 4.745% after the Fed kept its funds target range at 3.5%-3.75%, reflecting bond market concerns over inflation.

The new Fed Chair’s strategy is to keep short-term rates low and allow long-term rates to rise, to slow the rate of demand growth in the economy and curb inflation. However, nominal GDP is growing at an annual rate of 6.5%, which means that 10-year Treasury yields would need to rise by 175 basis points to keep inflation in check. An increase to 6.5% would likely cause a sharp contraction in stocks.

Japan’s Ministry of Finance has intervened to support the Yen. However, the effects will likely be short-lived, as the Bank of Japan continues to maintain stimulative monetary policy, which fuels inflation and undermines the currency.

Rising long-term sovereign debt yields reflect bond market concerns over rising sovereign debt and the risk of fiscal dominance, as in Japan, where the central bank has prioritized maintaining an orderly bond market above price stability. Erosion of the currency purchasing power is the inevitable outcome.

Gold has found strong support at $4,000 per ounce, with long-term investors prepared to wait out the turmoil in the Middle East. Demand from Asian investors has been particularly strong, but could be undermined if China goes into recession.

China’s economy shows increasing signs of contraction, precipitated by a decline in business investment following President Trump’s 2025 tariff attack. Household credit and real retail sales have stalled, and the NBS Manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2, signaling a contraction. Higher fuel prices would be an added headwind that could tip the economy into recession.

Acknowledgments

US & ASX Leading Indicators

Thank you for the feedback on our new format for the weekly market snapshots.

US Stock Market

Two axes emphasize the weekly rises and falls in the composite valuation indicator, which uses the secondary axis on the right.

US Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

US Bull-Bear

We have revised the bull-bear market leading indicator to improve its responsiveness, stripping it down to a composite of five key indicators. At present, two of the five indicators signal risk-off, indicating medium risk of a US bear market.

Bull/Bear Market Indicator

The 10-year/3-month Treasury yield spread has been positive for more than 120 days, and the S&P 500 is above its 12-month weighted moving average, confirming the risk-on signal.

Treasury Yields: 10-Year minus 3-Month

The new Fed Chair, Kevin Warsh, wants to eliminate Fed guidance.

For Warsh, saying less is a virtue. It protects the committee’s judgment. If policymakers issue a forecast, they start crediting evidence that confirms it and discounting evidence that doesn’t. He also believes a quieter Fed gets a cleaner read on what investors think about the economy, rather than hearing an echo of its own guidance. Investors “are upset with me already that I’m somehow not feeding them all the information they’d gotten before,” he told lawmakers. (WSJ)

Warsh's tight-lipped approach will likely fuel greater bond market volatility, driving up long-term yields. A steeper yield curve would restrict demand growth and help to curb inflation.

The latest FOMC meeting kept the fed funds rate target range unchanged at 3.5%-3.75%. There have been no rate cuts for more than 75 days, so the signal has reverted to risk-on.

Fed Funds Rate Target (Upper Limit)

Revised heavy truck sales data for June showed a sharp increase to 40,700 units (from 35,900 in earlier data), but the 12-month average would need to reverse by 10% for the risk-off signal to switch to risk-on.

Heavy Truck Sales (Units)

Heavy truck sales reflect the transportation industry's confidence in the economic outlook. A fall of more than 10% below the preceding peak signals risk-off, while a 10% rise above a trough indicates risk-on.

US Stock Pricing

US stock pricing remains at extreme levels. We changed the composition of the Forward PE and Price-to-Sales indicators at the end of April 2026, so earlier highs are not directly comparable.

US Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher the stock market price measure is relative to the historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

Warren Buffett's favorite long-term measure of stock market valuation provides a stable valuation ratio largely unaffected by fluctuating profit margins.

The ratio of stock market capitalization to GDP is more than double its long-term average of 1.2. Buffett considers values above 2.0 to indicate that stock prices are dangerously high.

Buffett Indicator: Stock Market Capitalization to GDP

Robert Shiller's CAPE smoothes out business-cycle effects by comparing the S&P 500 index to a 10-year average of inflation-adjusted earnings.

The current advance on the CAPE ratio is the second-highest in history, behind only the Dotcom bubble in 1999-2000, with values far above their long-term average of 22.4.

Robert Shiller's S&P 500 CAPE Ratio

Conclusion

The US Bull-Bear indicator, led by the transportation sector, flags a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator warns that stocks are extremely over-priced.

ASX Stock Market

ASX Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

ASX Bull-Bear

The ASX Bull-Bear Leading Index signals a mild bear market.

ASX Bull/Bear Market Indicator

Australian leading indicators have a 40% weighting in the ASX Leading Index, China 20%, and the US Leading Index carries the remaining 40%.

The ASX 200 Financials Index (XFJ) is above its 50-week weighted moving average, continuing the risk-on signal.

ASX 200 Financials Index

The ASX 200 is above its 50-week moving average relative to Gold, but the long-term downtrend continues, with no higher troughs. The signal remains risk-off.

ASX 200/Gold in Australian Dollars

Performance of the ASX 200 Index relative to Gold (in Australian Dollars) reflects the real return on Australian Stocks.

The 3-month moving average of private housing approvals increased to 17.8K in June, from 16.6K in May, while the 3-month MA increased to 16.9K, well above the 20-year MA. The uptrend in the Australian housing sector remains strong.

Australian Private Housing Approvals

A cross of 3-month MA values (navy) below the 20-year MA (red) would signal risk-off.

The Chinese NBS Manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2 in July, down sharply from 50.3 in June. Values below 50 indicate a contraction, and a fall below 49.0 would signal risk-off.

China: NBS Manufacturing PMI

ASX Stock Pricing

ASX stock pricing indicates that stocks are overvalued, but not near the extremes of the US market.

ASX Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher stock market prices are relative to their historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

The Warren Buffett indicator compares stock market capitalization to GDP, providing a stable, long-term ratio with a long-term mean of 1.03.

ASX Market Capitalization/GDP

The Price-to-Sales ratio for stocks in the ASX 20 uses a 20% trimmed mean to remove the highest and lowest readings, which tend to distort the average.

ASX 20 Price to Sales with 20% Trimmed Mean

The Forward Price-Earnings ratio for stocks in the ASX 20 uses a 20% trimmed mean to eliminate the highest and lowest readings. This avoids distortions of the average by outliers.

ASX 20 Forward PE with 20% Trimmed Mean

Conclusion

The ASX Bull-Bear indicator signals the early stages of a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator signals stocks are moderately over-priced. China is on bear watch after NBS Manufacturing PMI fell sharply to 49.2 in July, close to the risk-off signal.

Related Links

US & ASX Leading Indicators

Thank you for the feedback on our new format for the weekly market snapshots. One request was that we use a single axis for the chart below. We will display both this week. Let me know which you prefer.

US Stock Market

One axis illustrates how extreme stock pricing is, with the composite valuation indicator hovering close to 100 percent.

US Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

Two axes emphasize the weekly rises and falls in the composite valuation indicator, using the secondary axis on the right.

US Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

We have revised the bull-bear market leading indicator to improve its responsiveness, stripping it down to a composite of five key indicators. At present, two of the five indicators signal risk-off, indicating medium risk of a US bear market.

Bull/Bear Market Indicator

US Stock Pricing

US stock pricing remains at extreme levels. We changed the composition of the Forward PE and Price-to-Sales indicators at the end of April 2026, so earlier highs are not directly comparable.

US Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher the stock market price measure is relative to the historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

Warren Buffett's favorite long-term measure of stock market valuation provides a stable valuation ratio largely unaffected by fluctuating profit margins.

The ratio of stock market capitalization to GDP is more than double its long-term average of 1.2. Buffett considers values above 2.0 to indicate that stock prices are dangerously high.

Buffett Indicator: Stock Market Capitalization to GDP

Robert Shiller's CAPE smoothes out business-cycle effects by comparing the S&P 500 index to a 10-year average of inflation-adjusted earnings.

The current advance on the CAPE ratio is the second-highest in history, behind only the Dotcom bubble in 1999-2000, with values far above their long-term average of 22.4.

Robert Shiller's S&P 500 CAPE Ratio

Conclusion

The US Bull-Bear indicator, led by the transportation sector, flags a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator warns that stocks are extremely over-priced.

ASX Stock Market

ASX Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

The ASX Bull-Bear Leading Index signals a mild bear market.

ASX Bull/Bear Market Indicator

Australian leading indicators have a 40% weighting in the ASX Leading Index, China 20%, and the US Leading Index carries the remaining 40%.

The ASX 200 Financials Index (XFJ) is above its 50-week weighted moving average, continuing the risk-on signal.

ASX 200 Financials Index

The ASX 200 is above its 50-week moving average relative to Gold, but the long-term downtrend continues, with no higher troughs. The signal remains risk-off.

ASX 200/Gold in Australian Dollars

Performance of the ASX 200 Index relative to Gold (in Australian Dollars) reflects the real return on Australian Stocks.

ASX Stock Pricing

ASX stock pricing indicates that stocks are overvalued, but not near the extremes of the US market.

ASX Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher stock market prices are relative to their historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

The Forward Price-Earnings ratio for stocks in the ASX 20 uses a 20% trimmed mean to eliminate the highest and lowest readings. This avoids distortions of the average by outliers.

ASX 20 Forward PE with 20% Trimmed Mean

Conclusion

The ASX Bull-Bear indicator signals the early stages of a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator signals stocks are moderately over-priced.

Related Links

Global Oil Shortage – This Time It’s Different

Key Points

  • We are on the 10th day of a hot war in the Persian Gulf.
  • The Memorandum of Understanding is a distant memory.
  • Tanker traffic in the Strait of Hormuz has died.
  • Brent Crude futures rebounded to above $90.00 per barrel.
  • What is different is that China is not cutting oil imports like last time.

Tehran and Washington are doubling down on their standoff over the Strait of Hormuz, as a Red Sea blockade risks shutting another key shipping route amid an expanding war. Days of U.S. strikes have not loosened Tehran’s chokehold over the Strait of Hormuz, a vital corridor for the world’s oil supply, while tit-for-tat strikes have taken the place of a collapsed ceasefire. A tanker came under attack in the strait early Tuesday, near Oman, forcing the crew to abandon the ship on a lifeboat, the British navy’s maritime trade operations center said. Iran said fires broke out on two tankers that passed through an unauthorized route. (Washington Post)

Brent Crude futures have rebounded to above $90 per barrel.

Brent Crude Futures (ICE September'26)

Crude oil tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz has come to a halt.

Strait of Hormuz Tanker Traffic

Strategic Petroleum Reserves have fallen by 100 million barrels since the start of the war.

EIA Strategic Petroleum reserve (SPR)

The drawdown of reserves helped to keep a lid on oil prices, but the biggest contributor to low prices was the sharp fall in Chinese oil imports from 12 million barrels/day in March to 5 million barrels/day in early July. This enabled a recovery of imports by the rest of Asia.

Asian Crude Oil Imports

What is different this time is a sharp rebound in Chinese imports. If China resumes imports of 10 to 12 million barrels/day, then global demand has to shrink by 5 to 7 million barrels/day, which would likely trigger a global recession.

China Crude Oil Imports

Gasoline prices in the US are back above $4.00 per gallon.

EIA US Gasoline Prices

Refiners’ margins have widened, likely a result of falling inventories of finished product. The 3-2-1 crack spread increased to $68.17 per barrel, above its 2022 peak at $60 per barrel.

Energy Channel: 3-2-1 Crack Spread

10-year Treasury yields climbed to 4.63%, with rising inflation expectations driving yields higher.

10-Year Treasury Yield

The University of Michigan survey of 1-year inflation expectations averaged 4.2% in July, with the 3-month moving average at 4.5%.

University of Michigan: 1-Year Inflation Expectations

2-year Treasury yields anticipate rate hikes ahead, testing resistance at 4.25%, 50 basis points above the Fed funds target range of 3.5% to 3.75%.

2-Year Treasury Yield (CNBC)

Bitcoin1, the canary in the coal mine, continues to test primary support at 60,000. A breach of support would warn of a sharp contraction in financial market liquidity.

Bitcoin (BTC)

However, the S&P 500 is consolidating in a bullish narrow triangle below 7600. Declining Trend Index peaks above zero indicate secondary selling pressure, and a breakout above 7600 would offer a target of 8000.

S&P 500

Gold is consolidating in a narrow rectangle above primary support at $4,000 per ounce. A breakout above $4,200 would signal respect of support, with an initial rally to $4,500.

Spot Gold

Conclusion

Ongoing conflict and restricted tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz will likely drive Brent Crude above $100/barrel. A resumption of Chinese crude imports at above 10 million barrels/day would drive Brent towards $150/barrel.

Interest rates are rising in anticipation of higher inflation, but the S&P 500 is testing resistance at 7600, and Gold is consolidating above $4,000 per ounce. A sharp rise in oil prices and inflation would be bearish for both in the short-term, but a divergence between interest rates and inflation would be a strong bull signal. Suppression of long-term Treasury yields, through Fed QE or other means, would drive real interest rates below zero, fueling a massive speculative boom in real assets.

Acknowledgments

US & ASX Leading Indicators

We are trialing a new format for the weekly market snapshots, combining the four major indicators into a single post. Your feedback would be welcome.

US Stock Market

US Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

We have revised the bull-bear market leading indicator to improve its responsiveness, stripping it down to a composite of five key indicators. At present, two of the five indicators signal risk-off, indicating medium risk of a US bear market.

Bull/Bear Market Indicator

The Cass Freight Shipments Index 12-month moving average remains in a downtrend, signaling risk-off. The index highlights broad freight shipping levels in the mainstream economy, and a rise or fall of more than 3 basis points signals risk-on or risk-off, respectively.

Cass Freight Shipments Index

US Stock Pricing

US stock pricing remains at extreme levels. We changed the composition of the Forward PE and Price-to-Sales indicators at the end of April 2026, so earlier highs are not directly comparable.

US Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher the stock market price measure is relative to the historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

Warren Buffett's favorite long-term measure of stock market valuation provides a stable valuation ratio largely unaffected by fluctuating profit margins.

The ratio of stock market capitalization to GDP is more than double its long-term average of 1.2. Buffett considers values above 2.0 to indicate that stock prices are dangerously high.

Buffett Indicator: Stock Market Capitalization to GDP

Robert Shiller's CAPE smoothes out business-cycle effects by comparing the S&P 500 index to a 10-year average of inflation-adjusted earnings.

The current advance on the CAPE ratio is the second-highest in history, behind only the Dotcom bubble in 1999-2000, with values far above their long-term average of 22.4.

Robert Shiller's S&P 500 CAPE Ratio

Conclusion

The US Bull-Bear indicator, led by the transportation sector, flags the early stages of a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator warns that stocks are extremely over-priced.

ASX Stock Market

ASX Bull/Bear & Market Valuation Indicators

The ASX Bull-Bear Leading Index signals a mild bear market.

ASX Bull/Bear Market Indicator

Australian leading indicators have a 40% weighting in the ASX Leading Index, China 20%, and the US Leading Index carries the remaining 40%.

NAB Forward Orders recovered to zero in May 2026, but the 3-month moving average remains below zero, signaling risk-off.

NAB Forward Orders

The ASX 200 Financials Index (XFJ) is above its 50-week weighted moving average, continuing the risk-on signal.

ASX 200 Financials Index

The ASX 200 is above its 50-week moving average relative to Gold, but the long-term downtrend continues, with no higher troughs. The signal remains risk-off.

ASX 200/Gold in Australian Dollars

Performance of the ASX 200 Index relative to Gold (in Australian Dollars) reflects the real return on Australian Stocks.

ASX Stock Pricing

ASX stock pricing indicates that stocks are overvalued, but not near the extremes of the US market.

ASX Stock Market Value Indicator

We use z-scores to measure each indicator's current position relative to its historical data, with results expressed in standard deviations from the mean. We then calculate an average of the five readings and convert that to a percentile. The higher stock market prices are relative to their historical mean, the greater the risk of a sharp drawdown.

The All Ordinaries dividend yield is below its long-term mean of 4.1%, indicating values are on the high side. A fall below the 3.0% threshold would signal that stocks are severely overpriced.

ASX Dividend Yield

Note: Lower yields indicate higher values, so we reverse the z-score for the ASX dividend yield.

Conclusion

The ASX Bull-Bear indicator signals the early stages of a bear market, while the composite Stock Pricing indicator signals stocks are moderately over-priced.

Related Links

War, Inflation & Gold to the Moon

Key Points

  • The war in the Persian Gulf is hotting up, with both sides trading missile strikes and threatening to blockade shipping.
  • Brent Crude rose to $85.40 per barrel.
  • Crude and finished product inventories are declining, increasing upward pressure on gasoline and diesel prices.
  • Interest rates are rising in expectation of higher inflation.
  • The Dollar is rising in expectation of higher rates.
  • Gold and commodities face increased selling pressure as the Dollar strengthens.

DUBAI/WASHINGTON/CAIRO, July 13 (Reuters) – The U.S. military carried out a third consecutive night of strikes against Iran on Monday and two tankers came under ​fire in the Strait of Hormuz, after President Donald Trump said the United States was reinstating its blockade of Iranian shipping in the Gulf and would ensure that the strategic waterway stayed open — for a fee.

….Soon after, the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Defense said Iranian cruise missiles struck two Emirati oil tankers, the Mombasa and Al Bahiyah, while transiting the southern lane of the strait in Omani territorial waters, killing one crew member and injuring eight others.

The ​United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations agency said a tanker had been hit by an unknown projectile while traveling 40 nautical miles northeast of Oman’s Qalhat and that all crew were safe.

“The Hormuz Strait is OPEN, and will remain OPEN, with or ⁠without Iran. We are reinstating THE IRANIAN BLOCKADE,” Trump had said earlier on Monday on Truth Social.
“The U.S.A. will be, from this point forward, known as ‘THE GUARDIAN OF THE HORMUZ STRAIT’, but as such, and as a matter of FAIRNESS, will be reimbursed, ​at the rate of 20% on all cargo shipped.”

….The UN’s shipping agency pushed back against Trump’s proposal, saying it opposes any fees for straits used in international navigation and stressing that there is no legal basis for introducing mandatory tolls on strait transits.

….Iran’s state TV cited the Iranian army as saying that it targeted a “hostile” U.S. vessel with cruise missiles and U.S. facilities and equipment in ​Kuwait with drones. Iranian media also said the Revolutionary Guards shot down a U.S. MQ-1 drone over Hormuz, while sirens sounded early on Tuesday in Bahrain – home to another U.S. military base.

Brent Crude (September futures) jumped to $85.40 per barrel.

Brent Crude Futures (ICE September'26)

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) fell to 319.5 million barrels on July 3, a decline of 6 million barrels for the week.

EIA Strategic Petroleum reserve (SPR)

Overall crude stocks, including SPR, declined to 1.517 billion barrels, the lowest level in 23 years.

EIA Crude & Petroleum Products Inventories (incl. SPR)

Stocks of Gasoline (blue) and Diesel (brown) are close to their floor of 200 million barrels and 100 million barrels, respectively.

EIA US Gasoline & Distillate Inventory

Gasoline prices declined to a US average of $3.777 per gallon by July 6.

EIA US Gasoline Prices

Diesel prices also softened to $4.578 per gallon.

EIA US Diesel Prices

However, the 3-2-1 crack spread3 widened to $62.17 per barrel, indicating that refiners are taking advantage of low finished product inventories to widen their margins. However, there is speculation that crude futures prices are being distorted, and refiners are paying more than the quoted price per barrel to secure supplies.

Energy Channel: 3-2-1 Crack Spread

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is tentative, with three red candles over the past five days, and a fall below 52,000 would signal a correction.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Financial Markets

2-year Treasury yields jumped to 4.29%, more than 50 basis points above the target range for the Fed funds rate. Financial markets are anticipating higher crude prices to increase inflationary pressure, forcing the Fed to raise rates.

2-Year Treasury Yield (CNBC)

The Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index continues its downtrend, indicating ample liquidity in financial markets.

Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index

However, Bitcoin1 is testing primary support at 60,000, warning that financial markets are becoming risk averse. A fall below support would warn of a sharp contraction in liquidity in financial markets.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Treasury Markets

10-year Treasury yields jumped to above 4.6% in anticipation of higher inflation and higher interest rates. A breakout above 4.7% would offer a target of 5.0% — a third rail for the economy.

10-Year Treasury Yield

Dollar & Gold

The Dollar Index rallied in expectation of higher interest rates.

Dollar Index

The stronger Dollar triggered another Gold test of primary support at $4,000 per ounce. However, rising Trend Index troughs below zero indicate buying pressure at the support level.

Spot Gold

Energy Transition

The strong Dollar is also causing a sell-off in energy transition metals.

Sprott Uranium Miners ETF2 (URNM) is testing primary support at 50. Declining Trend Index peaks below zero warn of strong selling pressure.

Sprott Uranium Miners ETF (URNM)

Sprott Copper Miners ETF2 (COPP) crossed below its 50-week moving average, indicating another test of primary support at 32.

Sprott Copper Miners ETF (COPP)

Sprott Lithium Miners ETF2 (LITP) is testing primary support at 11.

Sprott Lithium Miners ETF (LITP)

Sprott Critical Materials ETF2 (SETM) has broken primary support at 30. A follow-through below the previous week’s low would confirm a target of 20.

Sprott Critical Materials ETF (SETM)

Conclusion

We expect a steep rise in crude prices. Lower inventory levels indicate there are fewer reserves to cushion the impact of a supply shortage. Falling gasoline and diesel inventories warn of a sharp price rise ahead.

Interest rates are rising in anticipation of higher inflation, fueled by energy prices, which in turn increases support for the Dollar.

The strong Dollar increases selling pressure on precious metals and commodities such as uranium, copper, lithium, and critical minerals.

High inflation may reduce speculative demand for Gold in the short-term because of the likely increased carrying cost, but it increases investment demand for the metal as an inflation hedge. What will light the afterburners, however, is if the Fed suppresses interest rates to support the Treasury market.

Chinese demand is the largest driver of Gold prices in the long term, and low prices will likely trigger an increase in buying, both through official channels and via backdoor non-monetary Gold purchases.

Acknowledgments

Notes

  1. Cryptocurrencies are the highest-risk asset class, and we analyze Bitcoin (BTC) solely to identify risk sentiment in financial markets. Our analysis is not a recommendation to buy or sell BTC, nor is it a commentary on the merits of cryptocurrency.
  2. We analyze exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to determine market sentiment towards a specific sector, industry, or commodity. The analysis is not a recommendation to buy or sell, nor is it a commentary on the merits of the particular ETF.
  3. The 3-2-1 crack spread is calculated by subtracting the price of 3 barrels of crude from the sum of 2 barrels of gasoline and 1 barrel of diesel. The result is then divided by 3 to reflect the refiner’s gross profit per barrel of crude.

Winning the War, Losing the Peace | Lance Gordon

The United States and Israel were winning the 2026 campaign against Iran. Then Washington gave up the advantage. The June 17 memorandum it signed traded decisive leverage for a framework weaker than the 2015 nuclear deal and financed the adversary it was defeating. This analysis shows the siege was working and a disarmament settlement was within reach; addresses the “oil clock” case for a fast exit; and documents how Israel, a key partner in the campaign, was sidelined in the aftermath…. The outcome was a choice, not a necessity.

Read the full essay at Real Clear Politics

Brent Flat, Bitcoin & Gold Sink Again

Key Points

  • Brent Crude tests support at $70 per barrel.
  • Gold tests support at $4,000 per ounce.
  • The Dow closes at a new high.
  • Bitcoin breaches support at 60,000, signaling risk-off across financial markets.

Brent Crude prices remain flat at close to $70 per barrel despite on-again/off-again peace talks.

Brent Crude

We are entering the summer driving season in the US, when demand for gasoline peaks. Gasoline prices will likely remain high as refiners enjoy wide profit margins, with the 3-2-1 crack spread2 above $60 per barrel for the first time since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Energy Channel: 3-2-1 Crack Spread

Bitcoin1 broke primary support at 60,000. Expect retracement to test the new resistance level, but respect will likely confirm another decline. Falling Bitcoin prices signal a market-wide shift to risk-off.

Bitcoin (BTC)

However, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at a new high. The replacement of Verizon (VZ) in the Average with Alphabet (GOOGL) on June 29 may have something to do with this.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

The S&P 500 also rallied, testing resistance at 7500. A follow-through above the recent high would offer a target of 8000.

S&P 500

Dollar & Gold

The Dollar retreated slightly, but all eyes are on the Japanese Yen, which weakened to its lowest point against the Dollar in more than 40 years. Expected intervention by Japan’s Ministry of Finance would temporarily strengthen the Yen but would be self-defeating, as it would increase selling pressure in Japan’s bond market. Rising bond yields force the Bank of Japan to intervene by buying bonds. That weakens the Yen and negates the MOF’s earlier move.

Japanese Yen

This is a difficult trap to escape from. If the BOJ raised its policy rate from the current low of 1.0%, it would strengthen the Yen but increase upward pressure on bond yields, forcing the Bank to buy more bonds, thereby weakening the Yen.

Gold is testing primary support at $4,000 per ounce again, with declining Trend Index peaks warning of secondary selling pressure.

Spot Gold

Plunging open interest on Comex Gold futures indicates that speculators are losing interest in the precious metal.

Gold Futures Open Interest

However, one major player is buying the dip. Bloomberg reports:

Imports were around 163 tons last month, the highest since March 2024, according to customs data released on Saturday. Volumes for the first five months of 2026 were about 692 tons, up by about 76% from a year earlier.

China: Nonmonetary Gold Imports

Conclusion

We expect Brent Crude to remain around $70 per barrel, provided there is no interruption to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. This eases inflation expectations, but existing pressures persist and prevent the Fed from cutting rates.

Stocks remain bullish, but Bitcoin warns of rising risk aversion.

Gold will likely remain under pressure while negotiations with Iran continue, but China has increased its imports of nonmonetary Gold, buying the dip. We expect the uptrend in Gold to continue for decades, interspersed with regular sell-offs like the present, curbing speculators’ enthusiasm and enabling long-term players to build their positions.

Acknowledgments

Notes

    1. Cryptocurrencies are the highest-risk asset class, and we analyze Bitcoin (BTC) solely to identify risk sentiment in financial markets. Our analysis is not a recommendation to buy or sell BTC, nor is it a commentary on the merits of cryptocurrency.
    2. The 3-2-1 crack spread is calculated on the theoretical refining margin if a barrel of oil is split 2:1 between gasoline and diesel. A spread of $60 indicates that refiners’ margins would have tripled from $20 in January 2026.

IRGC Maintains its Stranglehold on US Treasury Yields

Key Points

  • The IRGC warns shipping that alternative routes not mandated by Tehran were “unacceptable and completely dangerous.”
  • A cargo ship on an alternative route near the coast of Oman is struck by a projectile believed to be a drone.
  • US aircraft retaliated with an attack on Iran’s coastal radar and missile sites.
  • 10-year Treasury yields are falling in response to low oil prices.
  • However, Core PCE figures for May warn that inflation is spreading across the broader economy.
  • Gold rallied above primary support at $4,000 per ounce.

Iran’s Revolutionary Guards are tightening control over shipping passing through the Strait of Hormuz, forcing ships to follow their advised route or face the consequences.

From the Financial Times:

At least four tankers have been turned back by Iran while attempting to exit the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, as Tehran appeared to challenge an evacuation route issued by the International Maritime Organization.

The IMO on Tuesday said that after “discussions with all parties” it had established a safe evacuation corridor hugging the Omani coast for ships and seafarers that had been stuck in the Gulf for more than 100 days.

But the Blue Star I, SG Pegasus, Azumasan and Omega Trader either made a U-turn or changed course from the IMO’s route on Thursday, according to ship tracking data. Analysts said the diversions were likely to have been made after instructions from Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which said routes not mandated by Tehran were “unacceptable and completely dangerous.”

That setback comes one day after 62 vessels managed to traverse the strait, according to data from Windward, the best single-day showing since hostilities commenced on Feb. 28.

Later, an IRGC drone attack was reported on a cargo ship traveling close to the coast of Oman.

LONDON/MAMANA/DUBAI, June 25 (Reuters) – The U.N. International Maritime Organization paused its operation to escort ships through the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday after a vessel reported an attack, reigniting concerns about ‌whether a preliminary deal to end the Iran war will hold.

The cargo ship said it was hit close to Oman by a projectile, British navy agency UKMTO said, hours after Tehran warned vessels against taking routes that it had not approved.

Two U.S. officials told Reuters that Iran had fired on the ship, while Iran’s Persian Gulf Strait Authority, which Tehran established to manage requests for ships to travel through the strait, said vessels outside routes it has set will ​not be guaranteed safe passage.

“Consequences arising from passage through unauthorized routes shall be the responsibility of the owner, operator, and vessel commander,” the Iranian authority said.

The US military retaliated with airstrikes on Friday:

WASHINGTON/DUBAI, June 26 (Reuters) – The U.S. military attacked Iran on Friday in response to an Iranian drone strike on a ‌cargo ship in the Strait of Hormuz, with each country accusing the other of violating terms of a ceasefire agreed on last week.

U.S. Central Command said aircraft struck missile and drone storage locations and coastal radar sites, and a U.S. official reported the operation had concluded. Iran said a projectile struck the area around a pier in Sirik in southern Iran, and that Iranian naval forces responded by striking U.S. military targets in the region.

Brent Crude futures (Aug’26) fell 2%, however, on news that Israel and Lebanon had signed an interim ceasefire agreement while terms of a broader agreement are negotiated.

Brent Crude Futures (ICE August'26)

JERUSALEM/BEIRUT/WASHINGTON, June 26 (Reuters) – Israel and Lebanon signed a framework agreement in Washington on Friday following several days of talks to secure an end to fighting between Israel and Iran-backed Hezbollah militants, though ‌both sides framed the deal as an initial step.

Lebanese Ambassador Nada Moawad and her Israeli counterpart Yechiel Leiter signed the trilateral document with the U.S. at the State Department in Washington, providing few details.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the agreement allows Israeli forces to continue to occupy southern Lebanon if Hezbollah does not disarm.

PCE Inflation

Headline PCE inflation jumped to 4.1% for the 12 months to May 2026, while the Core PCE index, excluding Food and Energy, rose to 3.4%. The rising Core index indicates that inflation is no longer affecting just energy-related items, but is spreading into the broader economy.

PCE & Core PCE

The monthly increase for May was even higher at annualized rates of 5.4% and 3.8% for Headline and Core PCE, respectively.

PCE & Core PCE Inflation - Monthly

PCE for Energy remained elevated at 4.03% for May, an annualized rate of 48%, but we expect it to decline in June.

PCE Energy Inflation

However, higher fuel prices are now baked into supply chain costs and will likely persist for the next 3 to 6 months before inflationary pressures ease. PCE for Services, excluding Energy and Housing, increased at an annualized rate of 6.3% in May, indicating that inflationary pressures are spreading across the broader economy.

PCE Services Inflation

The spread of inflation across the broader economy increases pressure on the Fed to raise interest rates to slow the economy and halt the spread.

Treasury & Financial Markets

10-year Treasury yields are falling sharply in response to lower oil prices, with expectations of lower inflation running ahead of the supply chain lag.

10-Year Treasury Yield

2-year Treasury yields also eased to 4.12% but remain well above the Fed funds target range of 3.5%-3.75%, with at least one 25-basis-point rate hike expected this year.

2-Year Treasury Yield (CNBC)

Bitcoin1 continues testing primary support at 60,000. A breach would signal another decline, signaling a hard shift in financial markets toward risk-off.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Stocks

The S&P 500 lost ground for the fourth week, while declining Trend index peaks indicate secondary selling pressure, warning of a correction to test 7000.

S&P 500

The Magnificent 7 mega-cap stocks are leading the sell-off, with the Roundhill Magnificent 7 ETF (MAGS) headed for a test of primary support at 55. One of the key signals of the final stage of a bull market is when former leading stocks no longer participate in the advance.

Roundhill Magnificent 7 ETF (MAGS)

Dollar & Gold

The US Dollar Index broke through resistance as the oil price fell, but is now retracing to test its new support level. Respect would signal an advance with a target of 104.

Dollar Index

Gold recovered above primary support at $4,000 per ounce, buoyed by Dollar weakness and declining Treasury yields, which reduce the opportunity cost of holding Gold and Silver.

Spot Gold

Silver has also retraced to test its former support level at $60 per ounce.

Spot Silver

The decline in the broad DJ-UBS Commodity Index since March 2026 coincides with the steep rise in 10-year US Treasury yields. Rising long-term interest rates increase the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding commodities and precious metals.

DJ-UBS Commodity Index

Conclusion

The uptrend in 10-year Treasury yields has reversed amid falling oil prices and will likely strengthen demand for commodities and precious metals, provided crude oil prices remain low.

Iran’s Revolutionary Guards are keeping tensions in the Strait of Hormuz simmering. Not enough to spark a major conflict with the US, but sufficient to keep shipping in the Strait of Hormuz under their control. The US continues to deplete its Strategic Petroleum Reserve to alleviate the supply shortage and keep prices low, but this makes it more vulnerable to further threats to restrict the flow of oil through the Strait.

President Trump would be happy for negotiations with Iran to be drawn out, provided that the Strait of Hormuz remains open to shipping in the interim. But the Iranians are aware that their leverage expires with the November midterm elections, and we can expect ongoing threats to close the Strait. The path of crude oil prices is therefore difficult to predict.

We expect a long-term secular uptrend in Gold and Commodities relative to the Dollar. This is based on CBO projections that federal debt (held by the public) relative to GDP will exceed its post-WWII high of 106% before 2030 and expand to 175% of GDP by 2056.

CBO Projections of Debt Held by the Public as a Percentage of GDP

Aside from default, the only solution to the debt spiral is to suppress interest rates and allow inflation to run hot, so that GDP expands faster than federal debt, as in the 1950s to 1970s.

However, the budget deficit is running at close to 6.0% of GDP, and will likely expand further as the US invests in critical supply chains and ramps up defense spending, so even suppressing interest rates is unlikely to be sufficient.

CBO Projected Federal Deficit as a Percentage of GDP

 

Acknowledgments

Notes

  1. Cryptocurrencies are the highest-risk asset class, and we analyze Bitcoin (BTC) solely to identify risk sentiment in financial markets. Our analysis is not a recommendation to buy or sell BTC, nor is it a commentary on the merits of cryptocurrency.