China’s Glass Ceiling | Geoff Dyer | Foreign Policy

Geoff Dyer points out why China’s Remnibi cannot compete on the international stage with the dollar, even if China’s economy grows larger than the US:

For the renminbi to assume a central role, China would also have to make massive reforms to its own economy. The key to Chinese state capitalism is control over a relatively closed financial system, which allows the Communist Party to funnel huge volumes of cheap credit to select projects, industries, and companies. But to have a truly international currency, one that the world’s central banks want to hold, China would have to let investors from around the world buy and sell large volumes of Chinese financial assets. As a result, Beijing would have to dismantle that system of controls. It would need to permit capital to flow freely in and out of the country, let the market set interest rates and allow the currency to float. An independent legal system and transparent economic policy-making would also be useful. China has a choice. It can have an international currency that might challenge the U.S. dollar or it can keep its brand of state capitalism that has driven the economy and kept the Communist Party in power. But it cannot have both.

Read more at China’s Glass Ceiling – By Geoff Dyer | Foreign Policy.

Gold Bugs warn of weakness

The Gold Bugs Index ($HUI) representing un-hedged gold stocks has under-performed spot gold since the GFC in 2008, with a safe-haven premium priced into the metal. But $HUI diverged strongly in mid-2012, commencing a strong primary down-trend while spot gold continues to range above support (at $1500/ounce).
Spot Gold

On the weekly chart spot gold continues to test resistance at 1620 — and the upper trend channel. Failure to break out would threaten primary support at $1500 to $1550. Reversal of 13-week Twiggs Momentum below zero already warns of a primary down-trend and failure of support at $1500 would confirm; a TMO peak below zero would strengthen the signal.

Spot Gold

Conclusion:

I am not yet convinced that gold is headed for a primary down-trend, but substantial outflows from gold  ETFs in recent months highlight investors returning to the stock market. Inflation is muted, with central bank expansionary policies merely counteracting deflationary pressures from credit contraction. Opportunities for another bull run on gold appear distant — unless a major catastrophe sparks more QE — but respect of primary support would signal further ranging between $1500 and $1800.

Dollar Index

A stronger dollar contributes to weaker gold prices. Breakout of the Dollar Index above 84.00 would signal an advance to 89.00/90.00. Rising momentum suggests continuation of the up-trend.
Dollar Index

Crude Oil

Brent Crude is falling in response to the contraction in Europe, while Nymex Crude breakout above $98/barrel would signal a primary up-trend in response to a reviving US economy. Reversal of  Brent Crude below $106/barrel would signal a primary down-trend, narrowing the price gap between the two continents.

Brent Crude and Nymex Crude

Commodities

Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index is in a primary down-trend, headed for another test of the 2012 low at 126. Divergence between the index and S&P 500 suggests that the rise in equities does not reflect a recovery in the US manufacturing base — and may be prone to failure if manufacturing does not respond.
Commodities

Forget too-big-to-fail: Kill the fractional reserve banking system

Interesting discussion on Bloomberg about currency-backed deposits and equity-funded loans.

The fractional reserve banking system is the primary cause of instability and asset bubbles in the global economy, allowing banks to create money out of thin air. Credit expansion above the rate of real GDP growth has only two possible consequences: inflation or asset bubbles. Both do serious long-term damage to the economy.

Under the current system, banks create new money by making loans where they don’t have deposits. The recipient of the loan generally deposits the money back in the banking system, allowing banks to fund newly-created loans with newly-created deposits. The fractional reserve system enables banks to rapidly expand credit as demand grows, but at the risk of creating a bubble.

Requiring banks to hold 100% reserves against deposits — either government bonds and short-term bills or central bank deposits — would remove the risk of bank runs and the need for deposit insurance. It would also eliminate bank bailouts and the subsidy of too-big-to-fail banks by the taxpayer. Volcker rule restrictions on proprietary trading would become unnecessary, with banks no longer able to bet with their customers’ money.

Credit would be equity-funded rather than deposit funded. While this model may seem strange to the reader, it was successfully used by German banks to fund Germany’s industrial expansion in the early 20th century and is still employed by investment banks and private equity funds to finance major ventures today. Islamic banks follow similar principles.

It would be a fairly simple exercise to structure different tiers of equity — with commensurate returns — that participate in different levels of risk. Banks would not be restricted from issuing bonds, but the ratio of debt to equity and access to the retail market could be strictly controlled by regulators.

Fractional reserve banking is not an essential component of capitalism. All that we need is an efficient financial intermediary to channel savings into capital investment. When one considers the costs of the present system — especially the massive wealth destruction wrought by an unstable banking system — the alternative is a lot more appealing.

The Dijsselbloem Principle | Felix Salmon

Felix Salmon makes this succinct observation:

If a gaffe is what happens when a politician accidentally tells the truth, what’s the word for when a politician deliberately tells the truth? Dutch finance minister Jeroen Dijsselbloem, the current head of the Eurogroup, held a formal, on-the-record joint interview with Reuters and the FT today, saying that the messy and chaotic Cyprus solution is a model for future bailouts.

Those comments are now being walked back, because it’s generally not a good idea for high-ranking policymakers to say the kind of things which could precipitate bank runs across much of the Eurozone. But that doesn’t mean Dijsselbloem’s initial comments weren’t true; indeed, it’s notable that no one’s denying them outright…..

Read more at The Dijsselbloem Principle | Felix Salmon.

Conflict of interest: Will Wall Street put their interests ahead of their clients?

You bet they will. Here Cullen Roche explains why he quit Wall Street to become an independent advisor:

One of the reasons Roche transitioned to becoming an independent advisor was because of [the] perceived conflict of interest that exists at big Wall Street firms. “Those big firms are revenue-driven – they’re fee generators. They’re not able to do what’s in their clients’ best interest – a lot of the time the best interest of the client is to reduce fees,” he notes. According to Roche, the financial advisor model needs to change, with more and more advisors needing to act as independent consultants or fee-only advisors. “I think the conflict comes mostly from the big wirehouses: public companies that need to maximize profits – profits largely derived from generating fees from clients,” he concludes.

Read more at 10 Influential Blogs for Financial Advisors – PRAGMATIC CAPITALISM.

Use gold ETFs to tackle Fed, inflation fears | Outside the Box – MarketWatch

Tom Lydon at MarketWatch reports on large outflows from exchange-traded gold funds:

exchange-traded fund sponsors are beginning to sell their physical gold holdings. Gold ETFs experienced their largest monthly outflow on record in February. This is particularly disconcerting because gold ETF sponsors increased gold holdings during previous large sell-offs, such as in the last few months of 2011.

Read more at Use gold ETFs to tackle Fed, inflation fears – Outside the Box – MarketWatch.

RBNZ steps closer to macroprudential | MacroBusiness

Houses & Holes at Macrobusiness reports on macroprudential steps being considered by the RBNZ. Macroprudential regulation are measures aimed to mitigate the risk of the financial system as a whole, or systemic risk, as opposed to the risk to individual participants.

The [Reserve Bank of New Zealand] says it wants to increase the amount of capital the country’s big four banks must set aside to cover potential losses from high loan to valuation ratio (LVR) home loans. Such a move would, in theory at least, make such lending more expensive for the banks.

Read more at RBNZ steps closer to macroprudential | | MacroBusiness.

ASX 200: Resistance at 5000

The ASX 200 rallied above 5000 at Monday’s opening but gradually retreated to close at 4990. While failure to hold above the short-term support level is disappointing, an early break above 5000 on Tuesday would suggest a rally to 5150.
ASX 200 Index
The weekly chart shows the importance of medium-term support at 4950. Failure would signal a correction to test the rising trendline around 4700. Slight bearish divergence on 13-week Twiggs Money Flow warns of mild medium-term selling pressure. The index remains in a strong primary up-trend and only a breach of the rising trendline would threaten this.
ASX 200 Index

* Target calculation: 5000 + ( 5000 – 4500 ) = 5500