{"id":17993,"date":"2019-03-22T01:23:07","date_gmt":"2019-03-22T01:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/?p=17993"},"modified":"2019-03-22T23:29:29","modified_gmt":"2019-03-22T23:29:29","slug":"buybacks-interest-rates-and-declining-earnings-growth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/22\/buybacks-interest-rates-and-declining-earnings-growth\/","title":{"rendered":"Buybacks, interest rates and declining growth"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Fed did a sharp about-turn on interest rates this week: a majority of FOMC members now expect no rate increases this year. Long-term treasury yields are falling, with the 10-Year breaking support at 2.55\/2.60 percent. Expect a test of 2.0%.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-22-tnx.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"10-Year Treasury Yields\" \/><\/p>\n<p>While the initial reaction of stocks was typically bullish, the S&amp;P 500 Volatility Index (21-day) turned up above 1.0%, indicating risk remains elevated.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-22-spx.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The reason for the Fed reversal \u2014 anticipated lower growth rates \u2014 is also likely to weigh on the market.<\/p>\n<p>Stocks are already over-priced, with an S&amp;P 500 earnings multiple of 21.26, well above the October 1929 and 1987 peaks. With earnings growth expected to soften, there is little to justify current prices.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-18-spx-pemax.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500 Price-earnings (PEmax)\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The current rally is largely driven by stock buybacks ($286 billion YTD) which dwarf the paltry inflow from ETF investors into US equities ($18 billion YTD). We are also now entering the 4 to 6-week blackout period, prior to earnings releases, when stock repurchases are expected to dip.<\/p>\n<p>Why do corporations continue to repurchase stock at high prices? Warren Buffett recently reminded investors that buybacks at above a stock&#8217;s intrinsic (fair) value erode shareholder wealth. If we look at the S&amp;P 500 in the period 2004 to 2008, it is clear that corporations get carried away with stock buybacks during a boom and only cease when the market crashes. They support their stock price in the good times, then abandon it when the market falls.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-18-spx-buybacks.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500 Buybacks\" \/><br \/>\n<em>source: S&amp;P Dow Jones Indices<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shareholders would benefit if corporations did the exact opposite: refrain from buying stock during the boom, when valuations are high, and then pile into the stock when the market crashes and prices are low. Why doesn&#8217;t that happen?<\/p>\n<p>The culprit is typically low interest rates. It is hard for management to resist when stock returns are more than double the cost of debt. Buybacks are an easy way of boosting stock performance (and executive bonuses).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-21-irx-fvx-20yr.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Treasury Yields: 3-Month &amp; 5-Year\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Corporations are using every available cent to buy back stock. Dividends plus buybacks [purple line below] exceed reported earnings [green] in most quarters over the last five years.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-18-spx-buybacks-divs-earnings.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500 Buybacks &amp; Dividends compared to Earnings\" \/><\/p>\n<p>That means that capital expenditure and acquisitions were funded either with new stock issues or, more likely, with debt.<\/p>\n<p>Corporate debt has been growing as a percentage of GDP since the 1980s. The pace of debt growth slowed since 2017 (shown by a down-turn in the debt\/GDP ratio) but continues to increase in nominal terms.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-18-corporatedebt.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Corporate Debt\/GDP\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Low interest rates mean that stock buybacks are likely to continue \u2014 unless there is a fall in earnings. If earnings fall, buybacks shrink. Declining earnings mean there is less available cash flow to buy back stock and corporations become far more circumspect about using debt.<\/p>\n<p>S&amp;P forecasts that earnings will rise through 2019.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-18-spx-earnings.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500 Earnings\" \/><\/p>\n<p>But forecasts can change. Expected year-on-year earnings growth for the March 2019 quarter has been revised down to 3.5%. Forecasts for June and September remain at 12.0% and 11.4% (YoY growth) respectively.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2018\/2019-03-21-spx-earningsforecast.png?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S&amp;P 500 Year-on-Year Earnings Growth Forecast\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If nominal GDP continues to grow at around 5% (5.34% in Q4 2018) and the S&amp;P 500 buyback yield increases to 3.0% (2.93% at Q3 2019 according to Yardeni Research) then earnings growth, by my calculation* should fall to around 8.2%.<\/p>\n<p><em>*1.05\/0.97 -1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>With an expected dividend yield of 2%, investors in the S&amp;P 500 can expect a return of just over 10% p.a. (dividend yield plus growth).<\/p>\n<p>But the Fed now expects growth rates to fall by about 1.1% in 2019 and 1.2% in 2020, which should bring investor returns down to around 9% p.a. Not a lot to get excited about.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"qtn\"><p>I knew something was wrong somewhere, but I couldn\u2019t spot it exactly. But if something was coming and I didn\u2019t know where from, I couldn\u2019t be on my guard against it. That being the case I\u2019d better be out of the market.<br \/>\n~ Jesse Livermore<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Fed did a sharp about-turn on interest rates this week: a majority of FOMC members now expect no rate increases this year. Long-term treasury yields are falling, with the 10-Year breaking support at 2.55\/2.60 percent. Expect a test of 2.0%. While the initial reaction of stocks was typically bullish, the S&amp;P 500 Volatility Index &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/22\/buybacks-interest-rates-and-declining-earnings-growth\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Buybacks, interest rates and declining growth&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,3761,57,34],"tags":[4025,1054,1154,1352,1858,3766,3868,3010],"class_list":["post-17993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debt-levels","category-gdp-and-activity","category-stock-markets","category-us-canada-countries-regions","tag-buybacks","tag-dividends","tag-earnings","tag-fed","tag-interest-rates","tag-pemax","tag-price-earnings","tag-sp-500"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buybacks, interest rates and declining growth - the patient investor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Buybacks, interest rates and declining growth - the patient investor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Fed did a sharp about-turn on interest rates this week: a majority of FOMC members now expect no rate increases this year. 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He co-founded Incredible Charts and writes the popular Trading Diary and Patient Investor newsletters. Using a top-down approach, Colin identifies key macro trends in the global economy before evaluating selected opportunities using a combination of fundamental and technical analysis. Focusing on interest rates and financial market liquidity as primary drivers of the economic cycle, he warned of the 2008\/2009 and 2020 bear markets well ahead of actual events. He founded PVT Capital (AFSL No. 546090) in May 2023, which offers investment strategy and advice to wholesale clients.","sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/people\/The-Patient-Investor\/61572934660810\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/colin_thepatientinvestor","https:\/\/au.linkedin.com\/in\/colintwiggs"],"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/author\/investor\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9tQ4n-4Gd","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18544,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/07\/13\/rate-cuts-and-buybacks-the-emperors-new-clothes\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":0},"title":"Rate cuts and buybacks &#8211; the emperor&#8217;s new clothes","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"July 13, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"The interest rate outlook is softening, with Fed chairman Jerome Powell hinting at rate cuts in his Wednesday testimony to Congress: \"Our baseline outlook is for economic growth to remain solid, labor markets to remain strong and inflation to move back over time.\" but.... \"Uncertainties about the outlook have increased\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":45076,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/01\/debt-reduction-buybacks-and-sp-500-p-e-multiples\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":1},"title":"Debt reduction, buybacks and S&#038;P 500 P\/E multiples","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"November 1, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"There is a rising trend -- especially in the telecommunications, utilities, and REITs sectors -- of selling off non-core assets and using the proceeds to reduce debt. Rising long-term interest rates are likely to accelerate this trend. Debt reduction reduces funds available for stock buybacks. This chart from S&P Dow\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"S&P 500 Buybacks","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-10-31-spx-buybacks.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-10-31-spx-buybacks.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-10-31-spx-buybacks.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":18091,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/04\/05\/sp-500-expect-slower-earnings-growth-but-no-sign-of-recession\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":2},"title":"S&#038;P 500: Expect slower earnings growth but no sign of recession","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"April 5, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Credit growth in the US above 5% shows no signs of tighter credit conditions from an inverted yield curve. Growth in the broad money supply (MZM plus time deposits) has also not slowed, remaining close to 5%. Growth in hours worked has slowed to 1.71%, suggesting that real GDP growth\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":18373,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/06\/11\/if-earnings-undershoot-stocks-will-fall\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":3},"title":"If earnings undershoot, stocks will fall","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"June 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Annual employment growth is falling while average hourly earnings growth remains high. This is typical. Ahead of the last two recessions (gray bars below), average hourly earnings growth (green) held steady while employment growth (blue) declined. If annual employment growth (blue line on the above chart) falls below 1.0% then\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":19360,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/02\/a-hell-of-a-mess-in-every-direction-paul-volcker\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":4},"title":"&#8220;A hell of a mess in every direction&#8221; &#8211; Paul Volcker","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"November 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"The S&P 500 strengthened on Friday, closing at a new high of 3067. Volatility (21-day) crossed below 1%, signaling that risk is easing. Money Flow strengthened; a trough above zero suggests another advance. The medium-term target is 3250. Dow Jones Industrial Average is weaker, with Money Flow having dipped below\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":43986,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/08\/overpriced-sp-500-ignores-declining-growth\/","url_meta":{"origin":17993,"position":5},"title":"Overpriced S&#038;P 500 ignores declining growth","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"September 8, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The S&P 500 price-to-sales ratio jumped to 2.44 in June -- way above its long-term average of 1.68. Price-earnings ratio (PE) calculated using highest trailing earnings, surged to 22.5 in June -- well above the peaks from earlier crises like October 1929 (Black Friday) and October 1987 (Black Monday). 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