{"id":14506,"date":"2016-11-18T23:35:30","date_gmt":"2016-11-19T04:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/goldstocksforex.com\/?p=14506"},"modified":"2016-11-18T23:35:30","modified_gmt":"2016-11-19T04:35:30","slug":"china-choosing-more-debt-more-unemployment-or-transfers-michael-pettis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2016\/11\/18\/china-choosing-more-debt-more-unemployment-or-transfers-michael-pettis\/","title":{"rendered":"China: Choosing More Debt, More Unemployment, Or Transfers | Michael Pettis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From Michael Pettis:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I have often written in this blog and elsewhere about the three policy choices Beijing faces as it tries to manage through the adjustment process. My argument is that subject to two very plausible assumptions, every economic policy Beijing implements ultimately can be abstracted to one choice among three options. These two assumptions are: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>China has overinvested in infrastructure and manufacturing capacity to such an extent that in the aggregate the cost of additional public sector investment exceeds the present value of future increases in productivity generated by the investment. China\u2019s public-sector investment, in other words, is value destroying, and because it is funded by debt, additional investment causes China\u2019s real debt servicing costs to rise faster than its real debt servicing capacity.<\/li>\n<li>China\u2019s long-term sustainable growth rate is substantially below the economy\u2019s current GDP growth target, and so the economy is only able to meet the growth target by increasing its debt burden.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&#8230;..any policy Beijing chooses must involve, usually implicitly, some combination of three outcomes. In every case, in other words, we will see as a consequence of the policy one or more of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Higher unemployment, the limit of which is largely a political issue involving social instability, with the added wrinkle that certain types of unemployment are likely to be perceived as more politically costly than others \u2013 e.g. because returning to family farms acts as a kind of safety valve, even though a significant fall in living standards, unemployment among migrant workers is likely to be less costly, or because university graduates are presumably more communicative and have higher expectations, their unemployment might be more costly.<\/li>\n<li>Higher debt, by which I really mean a higher debt burden, or an increase in debt relative to debt-servicing capacity, and this can rise until credit growth can no longer be forced up to the point where it can be used to roll over existing debt with enough margin fully to fund as much new economic activity that Beijing targets.<\/li>\n<li>Higher wealth transfers, in which governments \u2013 and because the Xi administration is seeking to centralize power this is most likely to involve local governments rather than central government entities \u2013 must liquidate assets and use the proceeds directly or indirectly either to increase household wealth or to pay down debt, with the main constraint on Beijing\u2019s ability to direct this process likely to be the tremendous political opposition of the so-called \u201cvested interests\u201d, for whom government control of these assets is an important source of power, patronage, and wealth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The trade-offs between a higher debt burden, higher unemployment and greater wealth transfers to the household sector may come into sharper relief in 2016 because although unemployment still seems to be fairly low, in spite of much lower growth in the past three years, there is now reason to worry that any additional reduction in growth may begin to show up in the unemployment numbers&#8230;..<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Centrally-planned economies inevitably get weighed down by cronyism and inefficiencies. Economist Thomas Sowell describes how he used to be a Marxist but working for the federal government cured him of the notion that centralized government could successfully manage anything, let alone the entire economy. <\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.mpettis.com\/2016\/11\/china-choosing-more-debt-more-unemployment-or-transfers\/\">China: Choosing More Debt, More Unemployment, Or Transfers | Michael Pettis&#8217; CHINA FINANCIAL MARKETS<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From Michael Pettis: I have often written in this blog and elsewhere about the three policy choices Beijing faces as it tries to manage through the adjustment process. My argument is that subject to two very plausible assumptions, every economic policy Beijing implements ultimately can be abstracted to one choice among three options. These two &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2016\/11\/18\/china-choosing-more-debt-more-unemployment-or-transfers-michael-pettis\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;China: Choosing More Debt, More Unemployment, Or Transfers | Michael Pettis&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stock-markets"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>China: Choosing More Debt, More Unemployment, Or Transfers | Michael Pettis - the patient investor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China: Choosing More Debt, More Unemployment, Or Transfers | Michael Pettis - the patient investor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From Michael Pettis: I have often written in this blog and elsewhere about the three policy choices Beijing faces as it tries to manage through the adjustment process. 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As Hyman Minsky explained, extended periods of stability lead to instability. Participants take on increasing amounts of risk, assuming that stability will continue, making the economy increasingly\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;China &amp; HK&quot;","block_context":{"text":"China &amp; HK","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/countries-regions\/china-hk\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":40639,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/michael-pettis-the-china-shock-is-coming\/","url_meta":{"origin":14506,"position":1},"title":"Michael Pettis: The China Shock is Coming","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"January 30, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QcdPMOMS7N8 Michael Pettis is a professor of finance at Peking University in Beijing and one of the foremost Western experts on China, having lived there for almost two decades. 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I have to confess that the reason I started saying in 2006-07 that China was eventually going to replace 1980s Japan as the global archetype of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;China &amp; HK&quot;","block_context":{"text":"China &amp; HK","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/countries-regions\/china-hk\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9981,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2014\/06\/08\/chinas-investment-driven-growth-miracle\/","url_meta":{"origin":14506,"position":4},"title":"China&#8217;s Investment-Driven Growth \u201cMiracle\u201d","author":"ColinTwiggs","date":"June 8, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Worth Wray quotes Michael Pettis from his 2013 book, Avoiding the Fall: China\u2019s Economic Restructuring, about the future path of China's debt-laden economy: Every country that has followed a consumption-repressing, investment-driven growth model like China\u2019s has ended with an unsustainable debt burden caused by wasted debt-financed investment. This has always\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;China &amp; HK&quot;","block_context":{"text":"China &amp; HK","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/countries-regions\/china-hk\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":42439,"url":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/china-recovery-falters\/","url_meta":{"origin":14506,"position":5},"title":"China recovery falters","author":"Colin Twiggs","date":"June 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"China's exports plunged 7.5% year-on-year in May.... https:\/\/youtu.be\/sjegqSfcdWE Westpac tell a similar story: Reversing our perspective and moving a month forward in time to May, China\u2019s trade surplus narrowed to US$65.8bn as exports weakened and imports rose. Exports to the US have declined on a year ago basis every month\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Banks &amp; Interest Rates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Banks &amp; Interest Rates","link":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/category\/economy\/the-fed-banks-interest-rates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"China Fixed Asset Investment","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-06-15-china-fai_595x571.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-06-15-china-fai_595x571.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.incrediblecharts.com\/images\/2023\/2023-06-15-china-fai_595x571.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14506"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14506\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepatientinvestor.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}